The latest course of techniques and methods for pruning jujube trees

Winter pruning of jujube is an important technical measure in jujube management, which is generally carried out after defoliation and before sprouting, but in order to prevent shearing and drying, it should be cut properly late, generally from early March to early April before sprouting. Different measures should be taken according to the growth characteristics and management level of jujube at different ages.

Let the pruning of the tree

1. Pruning principle: most of the long-term laissez-faire jujube trees have invisible trees, unclear main and side, cluttered twigs, old twigs and scorched shoots, more flowers and less fruit, and low yield, so pruning should not only take care of the current output, but also gradually transform it.

2. Pruning methods: first, remove the over-dense branches and remove the over-dense backbone branches which are seriously aging, weak and have no future for development. Then the preserved backbone branches should be dealt with according to the situation. Sparse or retract those that are too dense, drooping, or dry. The retraction should not be too heavy, so as not to affect the output too much. After the treatment of the backbone branches, the inner-bore branchlets should be retained as much as possible, so as to ensure the fruiting ability. For the existing long branches on the tree, the ones with strong growth and good direction should be selected for cultivation, so as to replace the aging backbone branches to expand the crown. Too many overgrown branches should also be cut off properly, and the rest should be truncated or blocked properly according to the size of the space, and they should be cultivated into fruiting branches.

Fixed trunk shaping of young trees

1. Fixed trunk: after the jujube tree is planted, because the growth is relatively slow, the early stage is less than the roughness or the growth is not strong enough, there is no need to cut off and leave more branches to make it thicker and increase as soon as possible. When the tree is 1.5-2m high and the trunk diameter is 2cm-3cm, cut off the head at the appropriate height, that is, set the stem. In general, the pure jujube orchard is dry at 1-1.2 m, the intercropping garden is at 1.2-1.4 m, and the dense planting garden is indefinite. 15 cm below the cutting mouth is a plastic band, in which 4 secondary branches are removed from the base to promote the main buds on the trunk to germinate new jujube heads to cultivate the main branches.

2. Plastic surgery: in the second year after setting, one erect and sturdy branch was selected as the central branch, and the lower branch with good direction and suitable angle was left as the first main branch, and the other branches were all thinned. After these branches grow strong, in the third to fourth years, the main branches are equipped with lateral branches and two-layer main branches in the same way as the fixed stem.

Fruit jujube pruning

Results the main purpose of the renewal period is to delay the senescence of the tree and delay the fruit, so the method of retraction is often used to retract some of the drooping backbone branches and other weak branches accordingly. Generally retract to the jujube-shaped buds with strong vitality. After shrinking the backbone branches, the new jujube head can be gradually cultivated into main branches, extended branches and lateral branches to enrich the space of the inner chamber. If there is a renewal branch on the backbone branch, it can be retracted directly to the renewal branch.

1. Jujube in early fruit stage: the main purpose of jujube pruning in early fruit stage is to reduce nutrient consumption and increase yield, so the overdense developing branches other than central trunk, main and lateral branches and large fruiting branches should be thinned, and the terminal buds should be cut off.

2. Jujube trees in full fruit stage: the main purpose of jujube pruning in full fruit stage is to maintain good ventilation and light transmission conditions of the crown, to make the density of branches and leaves appropriate, to make a large number of fruit-bearing branches and to rejuvenate and renew the fruit-bearing branches in a planned way, so that the fruit-bearing branches can maintain a longer fruiting life. One is to remove overgrown, whorled, crossed, concomitant and overlapping branches. Second, thinning, cutting thin and weak branches and over-dense branches. The third is to block the top of the backbone and big branches and retract properly. The fourth is to cultivate robust fruiting branches and fruiting mother branches.

Renewal and pruning of old trees

Old tree renewal pruning is a pruning measure for different degrees of aging trees, and corresponding renewal and pruning measures are taken according to the number of effective jujube strands. To update the old tree, we should pay attention to the master-slave relationship and proceed in order. The cut should be coated with wax to prevent the wound from cracking and leaving Rain Water to rot. The renewal of backbone branches should be completed at one time and should not be carried out in batches. Most importantly, renewal and pruning should be carried out on the basis of strengthening the management of underground fertilizer and water.

1. Light renewal: when the effective jujube stock is 1000-1500, the method of slight retraction can be adopted to cut off the total length of each backbone branch, which can enhance the tree potential and continue to bear fruit.

2. Medium renewal: when the effective jujube stock is 500 to 1000, the method of moderate retraction can be adopted, and the strong vitality, outward extension of the shaped strand and the total length of the latent bud can be sawed off from each backbone branch to make it sprout new branches, at the same time, strengthen the tree management, raise the tree for 1 to 2 years (without opening armour), restore the tree momentum and bear normal fruit.

3. Re-renewal: when the number of effective jujube stocks is 300 to 500, the method of heavy renewal should be adopted, and the strong stocks and latent buds should also be selected, sawing off the 2 canopy of each backbone branch to make it sprout new branches and re-form the crown, and then strengthen the management under the tree, and the normal fruit can be restored after raising the tree for 2 years (without opening armour).