The latest course of planting techniques and methods of Bigen fruit

The fruit of Carya cathayensis, native to the United States and northern Mexico on the North American continent, has become one of the worldwide dried fruit species. It has also been planted in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region of China, and a small amount of trial planting has begun in Zhejiang Province. The fruit is nutritious and delicious, and it is a rare delicious dried fruit with high planting prospects. Let's take a look at the planting technology of Bigan fruit.

Planting conditions of Bigen fruit

1. Temperature conditions: Bigenguo prefers warm and humid climate, the annual average temperature is 15.2℃, the highest temperature is 41.7℃, it is cold-resistant, and it is not damaged by freezing at-15 ℃, but low temperature at flowering stage will affect flowering, pollination and flower development.

2. Water demand: Bigen fruit growth needs more water, and different phenological periods in a year require different water requirements. Generally, appropriate amount of Rain Water is required in spring shoot growth period before flowering, and flowering period from late April to mid-May. Avoid continuous overcast and rain, June to September is the fruit and naked bud development period, the rainfall is sufficient and uniform.

3. Light conditions: the green root fruit is not too demanding to the light, and the young period requires a cool environment, so the seedlings must be shaded artificially, and the adult trees grow poorly on the sunny and barren slope.

4. Soil demand: the soil for planting Bigen fruit is gravelly loam soil weathered by loose and humus-rich limestone, and the best is oil-black soil, yellow soil and yellow soil developed on limestone, slate and shale. Red soil and sandy soil are not suitable for growth.

Propagation method of Bigen fruit

1. Sowing and propagation: the fruit is spread out in an indoor ventilated place after harvest, and the seeds are taken out after most of the exocarp is cracked. Both spring and autumn can be sown, but autumn sowing is not as safe as spring sowing, because seeds are easy to be eaten by rats and birds, sometimes dry in winter, seeds lose water, and the emergence rate is low. Autumn sowing is usually finished before the soil freezes in autumn, spring sowing should be early, and sowing can be in the middle of March. If sown in spring, the seeds must be treated with sand.

2. Grafting propagation: the rootstock used for grafting is generally walnut, Juglans mandshurica is used in the cold area of North China, wild walnut is mostly used in the Yangtze River valley, and maple poplar is used in Shandong and Shaanxi, and scions are collected on excellent individual plants. it is necessary to select the full and robust developing branches on the periphery of the crown, which are 30 cm long and 1.5 cm thick, and the full buds in the middle and lower part of the scion are used as grafting buds.

3. Cuttage propagation: 1-year-old sturdy branches are usually selected for cuttage propagation, the cuttings are 17cm long and 20cm long, and the survival rate is more than 90% by common method.

4, root propagation: combine the nursery to pick roots, then fake planting, cutting in spring, seed root diameter 1 cm, length 10 cm, it is appropriate to bed, the upper cut of the root must be buried 0.5 cm below the bed surface.

5. Striping propagation: during the dormant period, the robust branches from the roots of the mother plant are pressed into the soil, and after a period of time, they can take root, then separate the branches from the mother plant, transplant and then culture.

Planting technique of Bigen fruit

1. Soil preparation and fertilization: Bigen fruit planting should choose the land with deep soil layer, loose, sufficient water source and leeward to the sun, with a row spacing of 4 × 5 m ~ 7 × 8 m. The planting hole is required to be 1 × 1.5 m in diameter and 1 × 1.2 m in depth. The topsoil and core soil are open. First, put a layer of straw at the bottom of the pit, cover the topsoil to 20 cm, put in 50 kg of organic fertilizer, 20 g of armour enemy powder, 500 g of superphosphate, and mix well with the soil.

2. Transplanting: Bigen fruit transplantation is carried out after defoliation or before germination, large seedlings with mud balls, 1-year-old 2-year-old seedlings should leave more lateral roots and fibrous roots, and dipped in mud in time, so as not to affect the survival of the root system. Young trees, especially before winter in the planting year, should pay attention to take measures such as burying soil and cultivating soil piles to protect young trees from cold and striping, especially in the cold areas of North China and Northwest China in winter. Painting white (lime) on the trunk of a big tree can prevent the occurrence of freezing injury of the trunk.

3. Pruning: early pruning of Bigen fruit should be light, leaving more main branches to make it bear fruit early. When pruning, the inner chamber of the crown should be ventilated and transparent, the upper branch of the crown should be kept as far as possible, and the lower part of the crown can be thinned step by step. If necessary, the overdense branches can be sawed off, and the saw must be cut flat and coated with protective agent to prevent decay. After entering the aging period, all the parts above the regeneration branches of the crown can be sawed off, the germinated regeneration branches can be cultivated, and the dead part of the main branch of the aging crown can be cut off. at the same time of pruning and renewal, it is best to combine deep turning and fertilization.

4. Intermediate ploughing and weeding: soybeans, corn and Atractylodes macrocephala macrocephala can be intercropped within 1-3 years of Bigen Orchard. In the process of intercropping, the garden should be mid-ploughed and weeded, and an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer such as coke ash, cake fertilizer, barnyard manure and other organic fertilizers should be applied. In addition, the weeds, shrubs, thorns and vines were cut off twice every year to cover the woodland, and the mulch was ploughed into the soil in winter to increase soil fertility.

5. Fertilization and fruit protection: before the Bigen fruit germinates in spring, about 30 kg of urea is applied per mu, 80 kg of special fertilizer for fruit trees is applied during the fruit expansion period, and 3000 kg of base fertilizer is applied in autumn. After entering the fruiting period, applying more fertilizer according to the results can be combined with spraying fertilizer once every 15 days or so, spraying 0.3% urea in the early and late growth stages, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate from June to July, watering enough overwintering water and sprouting water in winter, timely drainage and waterlogging prevention in the rainy season, fertilizing the fruiting trees twice a year, opening shooting ditches along the tree plate in February, applying 20 kg of corn stalks per plant and 5 kg of feces. In July, the main fertilizer was ternary compound fertilizer, 0.2 kg per square meter.

6. pest control: the main diseases and insect pests of Bigen fruit are hickory branch blight, longicorn beetle, green caterpillar moth, coffee bark moth, etc. focus on orchard pest control in winter, timely prevention and control according to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. At the same time, strengthen the tree potential, prevent branch damage, spray carbendazim or chlorothalonil and other agents during the disease period.