"Green production increase" will become the key word of agriculture.

The adjustment of planting structure, the transformation and upgrading of herbivorous animal husbandry, the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. At a time when the production of summer grain has achieved "twelve continuous harvests", new explorations are being carried out in the transformation mode and structure adjustment of China's agriculture.

According to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, the country's total summer grain output in 2015 was 282.13 billion jin, an increase of 8.94 billion jin or 3.3% over 2014. China's summer grain has achieved "twelve consecutive harvests".

The realization of "Twelve Lianfeng" does not mean that China's agriculture can "blindly rejoice". Various risks and challenges of China's agricultural and rural economic development are also gradually accumulating, and agriculture is planning a new transformation. What are the difficulties and constraints faced by the transformation and development of agriculture in China at present? Where should we make efforts to seek transformation in the future? In this regard, the reporter interviewed authoritative experts.

From focusing on output to focusing on quality:

Grain output and production capacity increase synchronously

More than 4000 kilograms of wheat were harvested on 7 mu of land. A few days ago, Song Zhiguo, a villager of Qi Village in Renxian County, Hebei Province, smiled happily from ear to ear with more than 10,000 yuan from grain sales. The application of the green mode of increasing production has greatly improved the comparative benefit of growing grain. "this year, the village has tested a new model of three-dimensional uniform sowing of more than 100 mu. Watering only once will increase the income of wheat by more than 10%." Song Zhiguo said that compared with ordinary varieties, water-saving wheat can save more than 110 yuan per mu of land.

"the practice of pooling resources and investment in the past has been difficult to sustain. At present, various localities are making great efforts to tackle the key problems of green production and explore the road to sustainable agricultural development." Duan Lingling, chief agronomist of Hebei Agricultural Department, pointed out.

"A bumper harvest of summer grain is of great significance to international and domestic food security and stability, to the transformation and upgrading of China's economic structure, and to the increase of farmers' income." Li Guoxiang, a researcher at the Institute of Rural Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out that more importantly, grain production is now shifting from focusing on annual output to the sustainable development of storing grain in the land and technology.

Throughout the trend of agricultural development in developed countries, they have shifted from the initial pursuit of output as the goal to equal emphasis on production development and ecological protection. Today, China's agricultural production is also moving in this direction, and 'green production' will become the key word of China's agricultural production for some time to come. " Said Qin Fu, a researcher at the Institute of Agricultural Economics of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Double squeeze of ceiling and floor:

The transformation of agriculture needs a new breakthrough.

Since the beginning of the new century, China's agricultural and rural economic development has continued to improve, and new progress has been made in the construction of modern agriculture. However, various risks and challenges of agricultural and rural economic development are also gradually accumulating, and the double constraints of resource conditions and environmental pressure are getting tighter and tighter, so there is an urgent need for agriculture to seek new breakthroughs in changing the mode of development.

"after the 'twelve consecutive abundant' summer grain, we must not 'blindly rejoice', but should look at it objectively, dialectically and calmly. To see its positive side, but also to see that the current high output is still at the cost of high input, high yield has been achieved, but there is still a lot of room for improvement in quality, safety, and efficiency. " Said Peng Yufa, a researcher at the Institute of Plant Protection of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Shang Xunwu, a professor at Gansu Agricultural University, pointed out that under the traditional mode of agricultural production, due to the excessive development of agricultural resources and the extensive use of chemical inputs such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural films, huge resources and environmental costs have been paid.

Relevant statistics show that the use of pesticides per unit area of cultivated land in China is 2.5 times the world average. "the continuous rise in domestic agricultural production costs has led to a continuous decline in agricultural comparative efficiency. On the other hand, the decline in the prices of major agricultural products in the international market has been lower than the prices of similar products in China to varying degrees, and the rise in cost 'floor' and the decline in price 'ceiling' have brought double squeeze to the sustainable development of China's agriculture. " Shang Xuanwu said that this puts forward more urgent requirements for the transformation of agricultural development mode.

From extensive production to saving and efficient:

Break the two "curses" of ecology and resources

The adjustment of planting structure, the transformation and upgrading of herbivorous animal husbandry, the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. On the occasion of realizing the "twelve continuous abundant" in summer grain production, new exploration is being carried out in the transformation mode and structure adjustment of agriculture in our country.

Since the beginning of this year, eight ministries, including the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture, have jointly issued the National Agricultural Sustainable Development Plan (2015 Mel 2030). The Ministry of Agriculture launched the battle for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution, carried out zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and implemented pilot projects for the protection and utilization of black land in major grain-producing counties in Northeast China, the restoration of cultivated land contaminated by heavy metals, and the comprehensive treatment of groundwater in seriously over-exploited areas. we will promote the transformation of the utilization of agricultural resources to conservation and high efficiency.

"in the past, no one wanted cow dung and pig dung from the farm, but now they are all scrambling for it. With the gradual increase in the amount of organic fertilizer, the amount of chemical fertilizer has decreased by 30%, but the yield of wheat per mu has increased from seven to eight hundred jin to more than 1300 jin. " Speaking of the new changes in the way of growing grain, Zhao Jincheng, a major grain grower in Qihe County, Shandong Province, said.

"this also shows that the most fundamental thing for the transformation and development of agriculture in the future is the transformation of the way resources are used, and it is a process of structural adjustment." Li Guoxiang pointed out: it is necessary to achieve the simultaneous promotion of agricultural structural adjustment and layout optimization, the simultaneous implementation of resource utilization and environmental protection, and the simultaneous promotion of appropriate scale operation and main body cultivation.

Peng Yufa pointed out that while agriculture is transforming, it is necessary to make use of new technologies such as the Internet and the Internet of things to transform traditional agriculture and achieve precision and intelligence in agricultural production.