The latest course on pruning techniques and methods of Cherry trees

In principle, cherry pruning is mainly carried out in the growing season, but due to the constraints of the actual production situation, sometimes pruning work in the growing season is not in place, it needs to be adjusted by pruning before sprouting in spring, pruning should not move large branches as far as possible, reduce wounds to prevent glue flow, and remove dense branches and competitive branches. Cut short, let's take a look at cherry tree pruning techniques.

Cherry tree pruning time

1. Summer pruning: the purpose of summer pruning is to reduce the ineffective growth of new shoots, increase the number of branches and leaves, improve light conditions, and make trees take shape, blossom and bear fruit early. the main pruning methods are opening angle, coring, twisting, sprouting, ring peeling, ring cutting and so on.

2. Winter pruning: winter pruning refers to the pruning of the tree after entering winter dormancy, and its main methods are truncation, slow release, retraction, thinning and so on.

Pruning principles of cherry trees

1. First planting young trees: young trees should remove the erect branches on the middle trunk and the overgrown branches on the main branches, and give priority to the opening angle and sprouting of the retained main branches and lateral branches on the main branches. The opening angle of the main branch is 60-70 degrees, and the opening angle of the lateral branches is 70-80 degrees. When pulling the branches, they should be drawn into a line and should not be arched. Bud carving is usually carried out before bud germination in early March, and the purpose is to promote lateral branches on the main branch.

2. Early fruiting trees: in the early fruiting stage, the tree structure should be adjusted and attention should be paid to the cultivation of fruiting branches on the main branches. First, gradually remove the main branches that are too low and too dense, so that the main branches do not affect each other. The second is to retract properly without branching to promote branching. The third is to retract or rejuvenate the weak lateral branches and ease the growth to promote flower formation.

3. Trees in full fruiting stage: adjust the tree structure to improve the scenery conditions in the crown, firmly remove the extra erect branches, over-dense branches, overlapping branches and cross branches in the crown, and open the layer spacing so as not to disturb the tree shape and consume nutrition. If the tree is too high, drop its head in time and be happy to control the crown height with weak branches.

Pruning techniques of Cherry trees

1. Natural happy shape: the tree shape is similar to the natural happy shape of the peach tree, with a height of 30 cm to 40 cm, no central leading trunk, 3 to 5 main branches of the whole tree, with an opening angle of 30 to 40 degrees, and 2 to 3 lateral branches on each main branch, extending to the outside, the opening angle is 70 to 80 degrees, different types of fruiting branches are cultivated on the main branches and lateral branches, the height of the tree is controlled at about 3 meters, and the crown is oblate or round.

2. Improved trunk shape: the trunk is 50-60 cm high, with an upright central leading trunk, which is equipped with more than 10 uniaxial extended main branches, and the screw focuses on the central trunk with an angle of nearly horizontal. The main branch can be stratified or not obviously stratified, bearing fruit branches on the main branch, the tree height is generally about 3 meters, when the planting density is low, it can be higher, and when the density is high, it can be lower.

3. Free spindle shape: there is an erect and robust central trunk, and there are 10-12 small main branches in the whole tree, which are distributed on the upper middle trunk, the lower main branch is longer, the upper main branch is shorter, and the trunk branch is more than 3-3.5. The main branch can take the base 3-4 as a layer, the distance within the layer 30-40 cm, and then the upper main branch is no longer layered, so that the main branch spirally upward evenly inserted. The opening angle of the main branch on the same tree is different according to the position of the main branch, the angle of the lower main branch is 80-85 degrees, and the angle of the middle and upper main branches is 85-90 degrees. The whole tree has main branches but no lateral branches, and the fruiting branch group is directly on the main branch.

4. Slender spindle shape: it has a central stem with a height of 40 cm to 60 cm, a height of 2 m to 3.5 m and a crown diameter of 1.5 m to 2.5 m. There are three main branches on the first layer, and there are no lateral branches on the main branch. 15-25 lateral branches of uniform size and horizontal growth are evenly distributed on the central trunk above the first main branch, whorled distribution, regardless of hierarchy. The lower branch is slightly longer, the upper branch is slightly shorter, the whole tree is slender, the top is acute, and the whole tree is in a slender spindle shape, which is suitable for dense planting and dwarfing cultivation.

5. The sparse layer shape of the small crown: the dry height is 30cm ~ 60cm, the tree height is 3.0cm ~ 3.5m, and the crown diameter is 3.0cm ~ 3.5m. There are 6 main branches, divided into 3 layers, 3 in the first layer, 2 in the second layer, 1 in the third layer, the base angle of the main branch is 60-70 degrees, and the distance between layers is 60 cm. No lateral branches were left in the main branches above the second layer, and the fruiting branches were directly planted in the fruiting branch group.

Matters needing attention in pruning cherry trees

1. Winter pruning can be carried out during the whole dormant period, but it is better for cherries as late as possible, which is generally close to the time of bud germination.

2. The flower bud of cherry is lateral pure flower bud, and the terminal bud is leaf bud. After blooming and fruiting, the flower bud forms a blind node and no longer germinates. When pruning the fruiting branches, the cutting buds should not be left on the flower buds, but on 2 or 3 leaf buds above the flower bud segment.

3. After the tree branch is injured, it is easy to be infected by bacteria, resulting in glue flow or disease, so in field management, special care should be taken not to damage the tree body and branches. Cherry trees should be carefully used ring peeling technology, easy to flow glue and break after ring peeling.

4. Cherry likes light and has strong polarity. If too many outer branches are cut short during shaping and pruning, the number of outer branches is too large, the branches are dense, the upper branches are strong and the lower branches are weak, and the inner branchlets and fruiting branches are easy to wither and die.

5. Attention should be paid to the characteristics of varieties.

6. After the ring peeling of the big cherry tree, the wound heals slowly, pay attention to the width of the ring peeling should not exceed 0.5 cm, and because the tree potential of the big cherry is different, especially the trees with less organic fertilizer, it is easy to appear the phenomenon of glue flow, so it should be used cautiously in production and apply again after accumulating some experience.