The latest course on planting techniques and methods of four Seasons Strawberry

Strawberries were cultivated in the open field at the end of September, sprouted in mid-March, first flowered in late March, began to blossom and bear fruit one after another from late March to early November, and began to buckle in late October as the temperature dropped. Combined with protected cultivation, the four seasons can blossom and bear fruit, and there is basically no obvious dormancy period throughout the year. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of strawberries.

Selection of four Seasons Strawberry Orchard

Strawberries of the four seasons like fertilizer, water and light, but they are afraid of waterlogging and drought, so they should choose sandy loam or neutral soil with sufficient sunshine, flat ground, loose soil and good conditions for drainage and irrigation, and the pH value is 5.5-6.5. Clay soil had better be planted with more organic fertilizer or improved in Gaza. Apply 3000-5000 kg of rotten high-quality organic fertilizer per mu before planting, and 50 kg compound fertilizer at the same time, ploughing and turning about 30 cm after fertilization, so that the fertile soil is fully mixed, raked and settled, and then furrowed or ridged.

Planting techniques of four Seasons Strawberry

1. Flat border planting: in order to facilitate watering management, the border should not be too long or too wide. Generally, the border width is 1.2 to 1.5 meters (planting 3 to 4 rows), the length is 10 to 20 meters, and the ridge height is 15 centimeters. After finishing the border, rake it flat and wait for planting.

2. Ridging and planting: it can be ridged and planted in low-lying land, land with poor drainage and protected land in winter, with a ridge height of 15 cm, a ridge top width of 40 cm, a width of 40 cm, a bottom width of 60 cm, and a furrow width of 15 cm. After making a good border and ridge, you can irrigate a small amount of water or properly suppress it, so that the soil can be settled.

3. Planting period: strawberries of the four seasons are generally planted in spring or autumn, and can also be planted in winter using a warm greenhouse. Spring planting is generally from mid-late March to early April, and autumn planting is from mid-late August to mid-late October.

4. Planting density: strawberry fields in the four seasons should maintain good ventilation and light transmission conditions and larger soil area in order to achieve high yield, high quality and large fruit. The planting should not be too dense, and the row spacing should be 30 × 40 cm × 40 cm. Triangular planting should be adopted and 8000 trees per mu should be planted. The planting depth should be "shallow without revealing roots, deep without immersion".

Post-planting Management of four Seasons Strawberry

1. Weeding in the field: weeds compete with strawberries for water, glory and nutrients, which will reduce strawberry yield and quality. Therefore, weed control is an important guarantee for the production of high quality big fruit strawberries. Comprehensive measures such as artificial weeding, plastic film mulching and crop rotation can be adopted for weeding in the field. In order to reduce labor, herbicides can also be used to control weeds.

2. Fertilizer and water management: strawberries in the four seasons need underground topdressing and foliar spraying for many times during the growing season. Underground topdressing is generally applied 4-6 times a year, each time about 50 kg compound fertilizer or multi-compound fertilizer is applied per mu, and the fertilizer is evenly sprinkled in the strawberry border. After topdressing, water in time, do not sprinkle fertilizer in the heart of strawberries, so as not to burn young leaves. Foliar fertilizer was sprayed every 20 days or so, mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, with a concentration of 0.2-0.3%. Water should be watered in time after each topdressing, and watered several times during the growing season in dry years, so that the soil water content can be kept at 70-80% of the maximum field capacity. Strawberries are not resistant to waterlogging and should be drained in the rainy season.

3. Flower and fruit thinning: strawberries can blossom and bear fruit about 60 days after planting. In order to produce high quality large fruit, high yield and high efficiency, it is necessary to plant strong seedlings and raise big seedlings. Especially the seedlings planted in spring, be sure to raise the seedlings, grow strong and then bear fruit, pay attention to the timely thinning of flowers and stolons in the early stage, and leave flowers and fruit when the crown of the seedlings grows to 30-40 cm. Or planting seedlings in spring, strengthening the culture tube, bearing fruit in late summer and early autumn, not only large fruit with high quality, but also high yield and high efficiency. Keep 4-5 early and large flowers at flowering stage, and remove small and late flowers. The sooner you spend time, the better. After fruit setting, small fruits and abnormal fruits are removed, and each plant can retain 3 or 4 large fruits. After the previous fruit is ripe, another 4-5 large flowers are selected to keep blooming and fruiting continuously.

4. Rational pruning: in order to reduce nutrient consumption and ensure high yield and continuous fruit, stolons should be removed continuously in the growing season. Early removal of stolons can increase the yield of strawberries by about 20%. Four seasons strawberry has new leaves and new stems all the year round. In the whole growing season, the lower old leaves should be constantly removed to promote the growth of new leaves and stems in the upper part. Old leaves are generally yellowed at the beginning of the petiole and can be removed from the base of the petiole when the petiole changes from erect to flat.

5. Fruit cushion grass: with the increase of fruit, the inflorescence gradually droops down and touches the ground, which is easy to be contaminated by soil, which not only affects coloring and quality, but also causes rotten fruit. Strawberry orchards without plastic film mulching should cover the strawberry plants under the fruit 2 or 3 weeks after flowering, or wrap the straw into a straw ring and put the fruit on the straw ring.

6. Winter management: strawberries of the four seasons can blossom and bear fruit every year as long as the temperature is suitable. Therefore, it can be cultivated in open field in spring, summer and autumn. In the middle and last ten days of October, when the temperature drops to 5: 7 ℃, the shed should be fastened in time to ensure its continuous flowering and fruiting. The management in the shed is the same as ordinary strawberries.

6. timely renewal: under general management conditions, the growth began to decline in the third year after planting, the yield decreased, the quality decreased, the diseases and insect pests occurred more, and the economic benefit decreased. In order to ensure that the four seasons strawberries can not only blossom and bear fruit continuously, but also have high yield, high quality and high efficiency, it is generally required to be renewed every 2 ~ 3 years, and it is more suitable to plant strawberries once every two years in the open field.

Disease Control of four Seasons Strawberry

Leaf spot disease

[symptoms] Leaf spot disease, also known as snake eye disease, is mainly harmful to leaves, petioles, fruit stalks, tender stems and seeds. Small dark purple spots are formed on the leaves, which are enlarged to form near-round or oval disease spots, with purple-red-brown edges, gray-white center and slightly fine wheels, so that the whole disease spot is snake-eye-like, and small black grains are not formed on the disease spot.

[prevention and treatment] remove diseased leaves and old leaves in time. The initial stage of the disease with 70% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 times 700 times liquid, ten days later spray again. Or spray 75 kg of water with 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 200 grams per mu.

2. Powdery mildew

[symptoms] powdery mildew is mainly harmful to leaves, but also to flowers, fruits, fruit stalks and petioles. The leaves are rolled up in the shape of a spoon. The flower buds and petals are purple-red, cannot bloom or bloom completely, the fruit is not inflated, the fruit is long and thin, and the young fruit loses luster and hardens. Near-ripening strawberries will lose their commercial value when they are damaged.

[prevention and treatment] focus on spraying Baume 0.3 degree stone sulfur mixture in and around the disease center strain. After harvest, the leaves of the whole garden were cut and sprayed with 1000 times of thiophanate methyl or 5000 times of methamphetamine and 5000 times of Teflin.

3. Grey mold

[symptom] Botrytis cinerea is the main disease after flowering, which can occur on flowers, petals, fruits and leaves. Brown spots were formed on the fruit during the expansion period, and gradually enlarged. Botrytis cinerea caused the fruit to soften and rot, which seriously affected the yield.

[prevention and control] from budding to flowering, spray with 300 times of 25% carbendazim wettable powder, 800 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, and 500 ~ 700 times of 50% propofol.

4. Root rot

[symptoms] starting from the lower leaves, the edges of the leaves turn reddish brown, gradually wither upward, and even wither to death. The pillar begins to turn dark brown and rotten in the middle, and the central column of the root is red.

[prevention and control] before transplanting strawberries were treated with 40% asparagus green powder 600 times, poured on the border, and then covered with soil to flatten and transplant, so as to effectively kill the bacteria in the soil, reduce the number of bacteria in the field, and reduce the chance of infection.

5. Verticillium wilt

Verticillium wilt is a soil disease. The main symptoms are deformity of young leaves, yellowing leaves and rough surface of leaves. Then the leaf margin browned and withered inward until it died.

[prevention and control] strictly introduce the planting of disease-free plants, shorten the renewal life, and disinfect the soil with 13.5 ~ 20 liters of chloropicrin or solar film irrigation. Those who have developed the disease must be removed and burned.