The latest course on soilless cultivation techniques of Strawberry

Strawberry is a fruit loved by consumers. Strawberry is a perennial evergreen herb of Rosaceae. The berry is very nutritious and contains rich vitamin C, which can help digestion. Regular consumption can also consolidate the gums, fresh breath, moisten the throat, and is currently cultivated in all parts of our country. Let's take a look at strawberry soilless cultivation techniques.

Cultivation facilities

There are two kinds of strawberry soilless cultivation trough: digging cultivation trough and high border cultivation trough. The bottom digging cultivation trough leaves a 70 cm wide walkway at the back wall root in the greenhouse, and digging the cultivation trough in the north-south direction. The groove width is 50 cm wide and the depth is 25 cm 30 cm. The length of the trough depends on the span of the greenhouse. The aisle between the grooves (slot spacing) is 40 cm, and the groove wall is covered with plastic film. The high border cultivation trough is generally built with brick cultivation trough, leaving a 70 cm wide walkway at the back wall root of the greenhouse, and a north-south direction planting trough, with a width of 48 cm and a height of 25 cm. The length of the trough depends on the span of the greenhouse, and the walkway between the grooves (slot spacing) is 50 cm. The whole plastic film in the groove can not be spliced together, and the plastic film at the bottom is moderately punched.

Cultivation substrate

The strawberry soilless culture substrate was disinfected with sheep dung ∶ vermiculite ∶ perlite = 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1 (volume ratio) or sheep dung ∶ bacteria residue = 1 ∶ 2 (volume ratio). The sheep manure was rotten and screened, and 12% hemp residue could be added to the substrate if conditions were available. When filling the substrate in the cultivation tank, the substrate should be slightly higher than the groove surface, and the surface is tortoise back shape to prevent stagnant water.

Cultivated variety

In recent years, strawberries cultivated by facilities in northern China include Hong Yan, Zhang Ji, Sweet Charlie, Ghost Nugan, Fengxiang, Yinu, Xingxiang and other Japanese excellent varieties, which are resistant to low temperature, strong growth, shallow dormancy, early maturity, large fruit, high yield and good marketability. Through several years of screening, experts found that the two varieties of GuiNugan and Fengxiang showed more high yield in the cold area at high altitude, and they were the main varieties of facility soilless cultivation.

Planting technology

1. Planting preparation: spraying insecticides to control mites, aphids and other pests in the seedling nursery 2-3 days before planting, in order to reduce the population density in the greenhouse after transplanting and better control the occurrence of insect pests. Watering once after spraying is beneficial to reduce the damage of root system during seedling emergence. The seedlings were graded according to the size of the seedlings and planted in the shed. Soak the substrate before planting to keep the substrate moist when planting strawberries.

2. Planting time: the planting time of strawberry in soilless cultivation is determined according to the degree of terminal bud flower bud differentiation. In general, 50% of plants in seedling nursery are suitable for planting through flower bud differentiation. In production practice, it can be considered that flower bud differentiation can be achieved if there is obvious bow back on the shortened stem and ear leaves on the petiole at the base of the leaf. It is most suitable to plant in the middle of September, and it will mature and appear on the market in January of the following year, which not only realizes out-of-season sales and enriches the variety of winter and spring fruit market, but also coincides with traditional festivals such as New Year's Day and Spring Festival, with strong market demand and high product prices.

3. Planting density: 2 rows in each cultivation trough, row spacing 30 cm 35 cm, plant spacing 8 cm 10 cm, planting 15000 ~ 18000 plants per mu.

4. Planting methods: planting in cloudy days or in the evening is beneficial to seedling survival and slow seedling. In order to reduce water evaporation and promote the growth and development of new roots, robust seedlings without obvious diseases and insect pests, with 5-6 spreading leaves, thick green leaves and well-developed roots should be selected to remove old leaves, diseased leaves and stolons, leaving only 3-4 new leaves per seedling and cutting off some roots at the same time.

5. Planting depth: strawberry planting depth is the key to seedling survival, which can neither be too deep nor too shallow, and achieve the basic requirement of "deep without immersion, shallow without revealing roots". If it is planted too deep, the heart of the seedling will be buried, which will easily lead to a rotten heart. If the plant is too shallow and the rhizome is exposed, it is easy to cause the seedlings to dry up and die. The suitable planting depth is that the stem of the seedling center (the tip of the outer leaf) is flat or slightly higher than the cultivation surface, and can not be buried in the substrate to ensure the survival rate of the seedling.

6. Planting management: watering strawberry roots in time after planting is beneficial to slow down seedlings. In case of strong sunshine, silver-gray shading net should be added to shade.