The latest course of high-yield planting techniques of water chestnut

Water chestnut is also called horseshoe, chestnut, oyster, black taro, Pu chestnut, pear, etc. It is a cluster aquatic herb belonging to Cyperaceae. It is eaten by underground bulbs. The meat is crisp and rich in starch. It can be used as fruit or vegetable, but also can be made into canned food or starch and preserved fruit. It is favored by consumers. Let's take a look at the high-yield planting technology of water chestnut together.

Distribution of Water Chestnut

Water chestnut is native to India, about 150 species worldwide, widely distributed in the world, with tropical and subtropical regions for more. There are more than 20 species and varieties in China, mainly distributed in Guangxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Guizhou and other low-lying areas. Baihu Town, Lujiang County, Anhui Province is rich in high-quality water chestnut, which is the largest "hometown of water chestnut" in China. Qingshan Town, Lipu County, Guilin City, Guangxi Province, is recognized by the state as the "hometown of horseshoes." Lechang chufa in Shaoguan area of Guangdong Province is famous for its large size, thin skin, tender meat, sufficient moisture, sweet without residue and crisp and delicious. In addition, Maoli Town, Shayang County, Jingmen City, Hubei Province is also the origin of water chestnut, which has been exported overseas and famous.

Environment for Water Chestnut Growth

Water chestnuts like to be born in ponds or cultivated in paddy fields. They are propagated asexually by corms, also known as fruit balls. Warm love wet afraid of cold, suitable for growth in the tillage layer soft, solid soil in the loam. In the cultivation requirements of 20~25 cm tillage layer, so that both conducive to the growth and development of bulbs, but also not deep drilling bulbs, uniform size of individual development, but also conducive to digging harvest. Tilly layer too sticky, not conducive to corm expansion, excessive humus, corm sugar content reduced, sweet poor. Suitable for growth in shallow water, in terms of nutrient requirements, less nitrogen and more phosphorus are required. Adequate light is required throughout the growth period.

Techniques of Seedling Raising of Water Chestnut

1. Selection of seed chestnuts: Water chestnuts are propagated through stolons. Before sowing, bulbs with no damaged epidermis, robust and sound terminal buds, dark brown skin, single bulb weight of more than 15g and characteristics of cultivated varieties are selected one by one as seed chestnuts. Before sowing, soak them in 500 times solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 18~24 hours to kill surface pathogens. About 15~ 20kg of seed chestnuts are required for each mu of field.

2. Seedling time: The seedling time of water chestnut depends on the transplanting period. The early water chestnut starts to seedling 40~45 days before transplanting (late March to early April) due to the low temperature in the early stage. The late water chestnut starts to seedling 20~25 days before planting due to the high temperature during seedling. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, seedlings are generally raised during the period from Qingming to grain rain. Indoor germination is carried out before seedling raising, and then seed sowing and false planting are carried out in paddy fields.

3. Seed germination: The method of indoor germination is to spread a layer of straw about 10 cm on the ground, arrange the seed buds upward on the straw, stack 3~4 layers, cover the straw again, sprinkle water once a day in the morning and evening, 10~15 days later, when the buds grow to 3~4 cm, you can transplant the seedlings to the seedling field for seeding.

4. Preparation of seedling field: The seedling field should be selected in a place with convenient irrigation and fertility, deep ploughing, fine harrowing and leveling of the seedling field, and there should be furrows and ridges around, because the nutrition for water chestnut growth mainly comes from water chestnut bulbs at this period, and the seedling field generally does not need fertilization.

5. Seed sowing and seedling raising: discharge the buds into the seedling pond one by one, and press the bulbs into the mud for 1~2 cm, the plant spacing is 6×6 cm, the bud head is required to be upward, the height is consistent, and the water layer is kept 1~2 cm in the field. After 15~20 days, when the seedling height is about 10 cm and there are 5~6 leafy stems, it can be planted.

6, water chestnut false planting: water chestnut false planting is to separate the seedlings bred, expand its plant spacing, easy to concentrate fertilization and management, more mainly in the south after rape or wheat stubble planting water chestnut needs. The concrete method of false planting is to transplant the corms with 10~15 cm leafy stems into the water chestnut seedling field 20~25 days after seeding, and plant the corms according to the row spacing of 30 cm ×40 cm, which is beneficial to root formation and enlarge the nutritional area of seedlings.

7, seedling management: water chestnut seedlings after the best to maintain 2~3 cm of shallow water layer, which can improve the soil temperature, promote the growth of seedlings. About 15 days after transplanting seedlings, apply 20 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer per mu, pay attention to spreading, not concentrated near the roots, so as not to burn the roots of seedlings. After 30~40 days, when the height of seedlings is 35~40 cm and the diameter of leafy stems is more than 0.5 cm, seedlings can be planted in the field.