How to solve the problem of Agricultural upgrading under the New starting Point

2016 is the first year of the 13th five-year Plan. At that time, what kind of situation and challenges will China's food security face? Where will China's agricultural structure adjustment begin? How to innovate crop production and agricultural products processing technology? How to dock and land food safety strategies at home and abroad?... All kinds of problems need to be solved.

Recently, the 2015 (third) China Food and Food Security Strategy Summit was held in Beijing. With the theme of "the transformation of agricultural development mode and the continuation of growth power", the summit focused on how to focus on agricultural modernization to promote the transformation of agricultural development mode and power upgrading, and to find a new driving force for agricultural development during the 13th five-year Plan period.

The pressure of development is heavy.

"there is no doubt that the food shortage will become the history of China." Researcher Li Wei, director of the Development Research Center of the State Council, said, "for China, the food problem, at least in terms of quantity supply, will no longer be a problem."

He pointed out that the improvement of China's food and food security situation has laid a solid foundation for China to deal with various risks and challenges of reform and development, maintain stable economic and social operation, and alleviate poverty and hunger in the world. Outstanding contributions have been made to the achievement of the United Nations Millennium Development goals.

However, "We are soberly aware that the foundation for sustainable food and food security is not solid, and some aspects can be said to be very fragile, whether it is the external market environment or the internal allocation of factors. have posed new and very serious challenges to food and food security in modern China." Li Wei said.

Grain output increases year after year, but Li Wei shows deep concern about the cost of resources. "the environmental and economic costs are becoming more and more prominent. If grain production continues to be overdrawn in this way, the basis for the survival and development of agriculture will be destroyed, and the sustainable growth of grain production will inevitably face greater risks in the future. "

At the same time, during the 12th five-year Plan period, some important changes have taken place in China's agricultural development, starting to shift from the main pursuit of quantity to equal emphasis on quality and quantitative benefits, and from production-oriented to demand-oriented. from extensive management of hard resources to intensive management driven by innovation.

Li Wei believes that another prominent problem is that the domestic grain market is increasingly affected by the international market. In recent years, the state has continuously raised the minimum purchase price of rice and wheat and the temporary purchase and storage price of corn, which has effectively promoted the increase of grain production and farmers' income, but with the change of internal conditions, the grain price support policy is also facing new challenges.

"the inventory backlog is serious and the financial burden is heavy. How to improve the price formation mechanism of agricultural products, improve the grain collection and storage system, and co-ordinate the international and domestic markets and two kinds of resources is a major issue for the adjustment of China's agricultural policy." Li Wei pointed out.

Under the new economic normal, another problem that can not be ignored is that there are still many hidden dangers in food quality and safety. "in the face of more than 200 million farmers, more than 400,000 food processing enterprises, and more than 3 million food operators, the government's existing regulatory capacity is seriously inadequate, and the quality and safety of imported food is not reassuring." Li Wei said.

Adjustment of agricultural structure

The 13th five-year Plan, which was examined and adopted not long ago, particularly emphasizes the need to focus on improving the quality and efficiency of development and speed up the formation of systems, mechanisms and modes of development that lead the new normal of economic development. To speed up the transformation of the mode of agricultural development, structural adjustment is the meaning of the topic.

Since the reform and opening up, the adjustment of China's agricultural structure has generally experienced four rounds. At present, the fourth round of structural adjustment is proposed under the background of 'six highs'. " Pan Wenbo, deputy director of the planting Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that the "six highs" are high grain production, high imports, high stocks, high waste of consumption, high transportation, and high consumption of resources.

He pointed out: "from the perspective of the planting industry, the four major contradictions and problems facing our country are the imbalance in variety structure, the decline in planting efficiency, the still extensive mode of production, and the weak competitiveness of agricultural products."

As far as structural contradictions are concerned, wheat producing areas are basically balanced, rice is more than balanced, corn supply exceeds demand, and soybean gap expands year by year; cotton, sugar and oil are subject to resource constraints and the impact of the international market, the import volume has increased significantly, production has declined; at the same time, there is a shortage of high-quality forage grass in China, such as the import of alfalfa is increasing year by year.

"the goal of this round of structural adjustment is' two guarantees, three stability, and two coordination'. The "two guarantees" means grain rations and cereals, with a self-sufficiency rate of 100% and a grain self-sufficiency rate of more than 95%. The "three stability" means stable cotton oil and sugar. The self-sufficiency rate of cotton basically meets domestic consumption, the self-sufficiency rate of edible oil is more than 30%, and that of sugar is about 37%. The "two coordination" means the coordinated development of vegetable basket production and demand, and the coordinated development of forage production and animal husbandry. " Pan Wenbo said.

What is the focus of the adjustment? "Maize in non-dominant areas," Pan Wenbo said. " The focus is on the sickle Bay area. This area is the fastest growing and largest increment of corn in China in the past 10 years. At the same time, it is also a typical arid area, an ecologically fragile area, an area that depends on heaven for a living. After the adjustment, we will consider changing the focus to silage corn, alfalfa and forage grass, as well as drought-tolerant crops such as soybean-corn rotation, miscellaneous grains and potatoes.

Pan Wenbo said that the technical route is adaptive adjustment, combination of planting and cultivation adjustment, ecological protection adjustment, combination of land cultivation and cultivation adjustment, retention pressure adjustment, and market adjustment. "We began to make structural adjustment this year, and now we mainly guide farmers to adjust through experiments and demonstrations."