The latest course of cultivation techniques and methods of Bailan melon in greenhouse

Cucurbitaceae Cuc

Growth habits of Bailan melon

Bailan melon is widely cultivated all over the country, and it is also widely cultivated in temperate and tropical regions of the world. Lanzhou is the majority in China, and the products of Qingbaishi Township, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City are the most famous. Sex likes to be dry, so it is suitable for planting in arid areas. Lanzhou, located in the middle of the Northwest Loess Plateau, has a continental climate, with less rainfall, strong sunshine and high day and night temperature, which is very beneficial to the growth and sugar accumulation of Bailan melon.

Cultivation techniques of Bailan melon

L, land selection and land preparation: new sandy land with open perimeter and superior microclimate should be selected as cultivation land. In the autumn of last year, base fertilizer was applied according to the sowing line, and the dosage was 2000 kg per mu of rotten cow dung, 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 100kg of oil dregs or bean dregs, and 30 kg of phosphate fertilizer.

2. Variety selection: small ripe red flesh Bailan melon, large ripe Bailan melon, Yellow River honey and other varieties. Greater Heat Bailan melon is a thick non-reticulated melon, which is the main cultivated variety. Lesser Heat Bailan melon, the growth period is 110 days, because of its early listing, the cultivation area is quite large, but its quality is not as good as Greater Heat Bailan melon.

3. Greenhouse construction: the span and length of the plastic greenhouse depend on the plot. Generally, the width is 3.5 to 5.5 meters and the length is 70 to 90 meters, which is too long for management. Buckle the greenhouse 7-10 days before sowing (about February 25) to facilitate the rise of ground temperature and prepare enough bamboo pole and film for the planting line to build the greenhouse. The film for the greenhouse can generally be used for two seasons.

4. Sowing at the right time: sowing at the beginning of March is appropriate. Wrap the seeds in gauze and soak the seeds in 55 ℃ warm water to cool them naturally in warm water. After 12 hours, rinse with clean water, put the seed container at a constant temperature of 25: 30 ℃ to accelerate germination, and sow seeds after reaching the budding standard. Sow 2 seeds per hole (if the seeds are precious, you can also choose 1 full seed per hole), the general row spacing is 0.55 × 0.75 × 0.75m, and the density is 1300 plants / mu. Immediately after the broadcast, set up a small shed according to the broadcast line in the greenhouse, and tighten the film.

Field management of Bailan melon

1. Seedling management: about 10 days after sowing, seedlings began to emerge. It usually reaches Miao Qi in about 2 weeks. As the seedlings grow up and the temperature rises gradually, the greenhouse should be ventilated during the day. During the day, the two ends of the greenhouse are gradually opened and pressed at night. At the same time, the ventilation of the shed should be increased in sequence. Generally, the temperature in the shed should be controlled at about 30-32 ℃, and the "5-leaf stage" of the seedling age can be gradually removed according to the weather conditions.

2. Auxiliary pollination: the cultivation of Bailan melon in greenhouse adopts the pruning method of Sun Meng 3 Mel 2 Mel 1. It is appropriate to use worker-assisted pollination at flowering stage to ensure normal melon sitting. Pollination usually takes place in the morning.

3. Ventilation: the time and intensity of ventilation should be determined according to the different growth stages and meteorological conditions of Bailan melon. The seedling stage is in early spring, and the meteorological factors outside the shed are changeable, so the ventilation should be less, only 4-5 hours at noon. With the growth of seedlings, the outside world warms up, which can gradually increase the ventilation rate and prolong the ventilation time.

4. Temperature management: it is generally required that the temperature in the shed should be 3035 ℃ during the day, and the lowest temperature at night should not be lower than 15 ℃. After fruit setting, in order to promote fruit expansion and sugar accumulation, ventilation should be increased during the day, and the greenhouse film at both ends of the greenhouse can be opened during the day. In the late high temperature weather, the tuyere can even be opened on both sides of the greenhouse and closed at night. In case of continuous cloudy days, we should pay more attention to extend the ventilation time in order to reduce the humidity in the shed.

5. Timely harvest: Bailan melon and Yellow River honey both belong to the middle and late maturity of thick-skinned muskmelon, and the two varieties take about 120 days from sowing to harvest. Among them, it takes 55 days for female flowers to mature, which can be harvested not only according to the time of fruit development, but also according to the inherent color of these two varieties at maturity. When harvesting, you can gently press the navel to feel a little elastic, but also pay special attention to the skin color of the fruit touching the ground. If the skin color of the ground touch part of the Bailan melon has been changed into milky white and full of luster, and the Yellow River honey turns into orange or golden yellow, the fruit will be fully ripe and can be harvested.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of Bailan melon

The main results are as follows: 1. Quenching disease: the main goal of prevention and control is to cultivate strong seedlings, and crop rotation should be done well in order to improve plant resistance.

2. Vine blight: the diseased plant should be sprayed with mancozeb immediately, and then sprayed every 5-7 days, or 100-fold formalin solution can be used to smear the diseased area.

3. Powdery mildew: generally, powdery mildew occurs in the middle and later stages of melon growth, which mainly harms the leaves. When diseased leaves are found, pesticides are sprayed in a timely manner, which can be sprayed with 50% wettable carbendazim 500x liquid or 70% methyl thiophanate 800-fold solution. 3000-fold solution can also be used for prevention and control.

4. Aphids: it can be used to control aphids, or 1000 times liquid dimethoate can be sprayed.