The latest course of high-yield planting techniques of raspberry

Raspberry is also known as raspberry, mountain throw seed, milk bubble, seedling bubble, March bubble, April bubble, raspberry, etc. It is a woody plant belonging to Rubus genus of Rosaceae. The fruit is used as fruit in Europe and America. The fruit tastes sour and sweet. It is widely distributed in China but rarely known. Only a small amount of cultivation is available in Northeast China. It is rare in the market. Let's take a look at the high-yield planting technology of raspberry together.

Raspberry growth habits

1. Environment: Raspberry is usually born in mountain areas, hillside shrubs, forest edges and riprap piles in mountainous areas, on barren slopes or after burning mountains, it grows luxuriantly under tung trees and Camellia oleifera forests, likes warm and humid nature, requires good scattered light, is not strict with soil requirements, and has strong adaptability, but it is better to use slightly acidic soil with fertile soil, strong water conservation fertility and good drainage to neutral sandy loam soil, red soil and purple soil.

2. Result: raspberry bears early, easy to enter the peak fruit period, generally two years after planting, high yield in 3 years, the highest yield in 4 to 5 years, and the peak fruit period can last for about 15 years. The root system is shallow, not drought-tolerant, water shortage will inhibit growth and fruiting, flowering April to May, fruiting period is June to July, soil moisture evaporation is too large, water shortage, will affect the yield.

Raspberry reproduction method

1. Root tillers: Raspberry mother plants should keep the soil moist, loose and nutritious, select well-developed root tillers, keep the spacing of 10~15 cm, dig root tillers after autumn, dig deep when necessary, keep more lateral branches, plant them with digging, or plant them first after digging, and build gardens in spring of the next year.

2, cuttage: raspberry cuttage will be about 1 cm thick side roots dug out, select the roots with buds, cut into about 10 cm roots, cuttage in mid-March, excavation of 10 cm deep ditch, the roots inserted obliquely bed, exposed a quarter of the soil, buried flat can be.

3. Plant transfer: From November to March of the next year, dig wild plants from the forest land on the mountain, cut off the basal branches on the ground, keep 20 cm long, and be careful not to damage the dormant buds at the base. Then transplanted in a well-leveled field, plant spacing 25 cm, 2700 plants per mu. After planting, cover soil solidly, irrigate root water, cover straw hay, etc.

Cultivation techniques of raspberry

1. Garden establishment: East China raspberry can be planted in spring or autumn. Generally, it is suitable in mid-late November or mid-late March. The plot with wind and sun, loose soil, high organic matter content and wet soil is not suitable for ponding shall be selected for garden establishment. Before garden establishment, deep ploughing and leveling shall be carried out, and farm manure 2000~4000 kg/mu shall be applied. The planting method is belt method, row spacing is 2 meters, plant spacing is 0.4~0.8 meters, planting hole size is 30×30×30 cm, and attention is paid to protecting basal buds from damage when planting seedlings.

2. Fertilizer and water: apply sufficient base fertilizer before transplanting, and apply farm manure of 3~5 kg per plant. During the growth period, combine loosening and weeding, apply topdressing 2~3 times a year, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, with appropriate phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Fertilize seedlings in March, flowers in April and winter in November. Apply 1500~2000 kg of human excrement per mu. Pay attention to watering in summer and autumn drought

3, frame: raspberry branches soft, often easy to droop to the ground, or easy to lodge in the wind, affecting yield and quality. 4~5 months when the new branch occurs lateral branches, remove the terminal bud to promote lateral branch growth, at the same time, the lateral branch to remove the core, promote the second lateral branches, branches more leaves are luxuriant, increase the next year's fruit mother branch, increase yield. A prop should be erected next to each plant during fruiting to prevent lodging.

4. Pruning: In spring, the dried parts at the top of the two-year branches should be cut off in time to promote the leaves to issue strong fruit branches. Thinning off over-dense branches at the base and branches with diseases and insect pests, leaving 7~8 biennial branches per plant, keeping reasonable density, conducive to ventilation and light transmission, ensuring high and stable yield. Cut off biennial branches after fruit picking, thinning out tillers and over-dense basal branches to control the total number of branches in the garden.

5. Harvest: The harvest time of raspberry is from mid-May to early June. At this time, the fruit has fully developed and appears green, but it has not yet turned red and mature. After harvest, remove the stems, leaves, flower receptacles and other impurities. Then pour boiling water for 2~3 minutes and then remove them. Then spread or dry them. The finished product with intact grain, firm yellow green color, sour taste, no stem leaves are better.

Raspberry pest control

1. Stem rot

[Symptoms] Stem rot is a serious disease that harms the basal branches of raspberry trees. Generally occurs on the new shoots, first from the new shoots sunny side from the ground closer to a dark gray scald-like spots, about 1.5~5.5 cm long, 0.6~1.2 cm wide. The disease spots spread rapidly around, the diseased parts gradually turn brown, many small black spots of different sizes appear on the surface of the disease spots, the xylem turns brown and necrotic, and the leaves and petioles turn yellow and wither along with the disease parts. In severe cases, the whole plant dies.

[Prevention and control] Clean the garden in autumn, cut off the diseased branches and burn them to eliminate the pathogen. Spraying can be done in May to August. In the middle of May and in the early stage of disease in July, thiophanate-methyl 500 times solution, 40% ethyl phosphorus aluminum 500 times solution or thiram 500 times solution were sprayed on the susceptible varieties respectively.

2. Powdery mildew

[Symptoms] The second disease of raspberries is powdery mildew. Raspberry infected leaves are covered with a layer of white powder, which causes the leaves to distort or become curly. Sometimes the leaves do not show white powder, but show water-soaked spots. In severe cases, young shoots grow dwarfed, and fruits are sometimes infected.

[Prevention and control] Clean the garden before winter cold, burn the diseased leaves and branches together, and eliminate pathogens. Before germination in early spring, after flowering and young fruit stage, spray 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times solution, or 25% triadimefon WP 1000 - 1500 times solution, or 50% sulfur suspension 200 - 300 times solution.

3. Willow bat moth

[Symptoms] Willow bat moth is the main pest harming raspberry, seriously affecting the yield of raspberry in the second year. Larvae mostly start to bore into new shoots in early July. Generally, the entrance is 40~ 60cm away from the ground. They often eat downward. Larvae often come out to gnaw the phloem outside the bore hole. Most of them eat for a week. The crushed sawdust and feces are stuck together with silk. The ring branches are connected in a circle. It is easy to find and identify. The damaged branches are easy to break and dry and die.

[Control] Cut off the injured branches before adult emergence in late August. The occurrence of this insect can be reduced in raspberry orchards where the plants are buried in winter. In the raspberry orchard with serious occurrence, 2.5% deltamethrin 2000~3000 times solution can be sprayed on the ground from late May to early June during the activity period of early instar larvae.

4. Piercing moth

[Symptoms] The perforating moth mainly harms red raspberries. In autumn, the larvae overwinter as small cocoons under the basal branches. Larvae in the leaf stage climb new shoots, bore into the bud, eat up the bud inside, and then drill into the raspberry new shoots, new shoots killed and quickly died. Adults emerge at anthesis and lay eggs in flowers in the evening. Larvae eat berries at first, but soon transfer to the base of plants for overwintering.

[Control] Clean the garden in autumn and burn the cut fruit mother branches. In early spring, the larvae were killed by spraying 80% dichlorvos 1000 times solution or 2.5% deltamethrin 3000 times solution at leaf development stage.

5. Beetles

[Symptoms] Adults of pests usually begin to eat young leaves in spring, bite flower buds, feed on stamens and nectaries, and the injured flower buds fall off or become deformed fruits. Adults lay eggs in flowers, hatch larvae after 8~10 days, and then drill into fruits to eat pests. The weight of damaged berries is reduced and they are easy to rot.

[Control] Raspberry orchards with severe occurrence, ground application at adult emergence stage in late April, 2.5% trichlorfon powder 0.4 kg plus 25 kg fine sand. Artificial control can be adopted for raspberry orchards with light occurrence. When adults begin to harm flowers, fruit branches can be shaken to make adults fall into appropriate containers for centralized destruction. Collect the damaged fruits in time and destroy the defruited larvae after collection.