The latest course on planting techniques and methods of Jiabao fruit

Jiabao fruit, also known as tree grape, treasure fruit, etc., is an evergreen shrub of the myrtle family, native to Brazil and other places, with luxuriant green branches and leaves throughout the year, and can blossom and bear fruit all the year round. It is amazing that the same branch of Jiabao fruit can blossom, bear fruit and mature at the same time. Let's take a look at the planting technology of Jiabao fruit.

Growth habits of Jiabao fruit

Jiabao fruit is suitable for growing in cooler tropical and subtropical climates with medium to high rainfall. Most varieties can withstand the low temperature of-2.8℃, while some varieties can withstand the low temperature of-4.4℃. Is a solar tree species, need all-day sunshine or withstand a little shade, require moist soil, but avoid stagnant water, can withstand short-term drought. It has strong adaptability to soil, but the slightly acidic (pH5.5~6.5) sandy loam with deep soil layer, fertile soil and good drainage is the best, which grows poorly on calcareous soil and is not resistant to salt and alkali.

Propagation methods of Jiabao fruit

1. Sowing and propagation: Jiabao fruit has 1 to 4 seeds per fruit, which is irregular and polyembryonic. It is better for fresh seeds to germinate. Generally, the pericarp is crushed and squeezed out. After 1-2 days, the flesh is acidified and rotten, and then the pulp is washed with water before sowing. The fruit was stored in a plastic bag after harvest and refrigerated at 5: 8 ℃. When sowing, the seeds were taken out and washed and sown. The cold storage could last for 1-2 months, and still had a certain germination rate. It germinates after sowing for 20-40 days, and sprouts slowly when the temperature is low.

2. Grafting propagation: it takes 6 to 10 years for the seedlings of most Jiabao fruit varieties to begin to bear fruit, and the grafting method can be used for early fruiting and about 3 years after grafting. Biennial seedlings are selected as rootstocks, annual branches are cut from the fruiting mother tree as scions, the survival rate of cutting or relying on grafting is higher in autumn and winter, the grafting rate is poor after March to April, and grafting is not easy to succeed in summer.

3. Cuttage propagation: Jiabao fruit is not easy to survive by cutting. it is a typical hard-to-root species studied in China. It can be cut with semi-hardwood (2 sections and 4 leaves) in May every year, soaked in NAA2000ppm and rooting in peat soil, and the rooting rate can reach 90%. However, in foreign studies, 10 cm long cuttings with 3 or 4 pairs of mature leaves were best cut in the medium of sand mixed peat soil (proportion 1:1). Cutting 4 cuttings at the base of cuttings and IBA1000ppm treatment could promote rooting.

Planting techniques of Jiabao fruit

1. Selection of land for establishment of garden: Jiabao fruit should be cultivated in flat paddy field with drainage and irrigation ditch, border height of 30 cm, groundwater level below 100 cm, slope cultivation reclaimed into terraced fields 3-4 meters wide according to contours, and the terrace surface is inversely inclined to 3-5 degrees. The original varieties of tree grape are selected, and the cultivation can be planted in holes or trenches, and the specifications are determined according to the seedling or cultivation model, the general specification is 60 × 60 cm or 80 × 80 cm.

2. Planting specifications: the planting specifications of Jiabao fruit are short-term, long-term and short-term growing model. the plant-row spacing of the short-term model is 2666 plants / mu, and the first anniversary is a planting cycle. The plant-row spacing of the long-term model is 4 × 4 m 88 plants / mu, and the period of 15 years or more is a cycle. The plant-row spacing of the short-growing model was 1333 plants / mu, and 1/2 seedlings came out of the nursery every year from the second year after planting.

3. Wiping buds and fixing shoots: Jiabao fruit wipes off double buds, multiple buds and too weak buds after sprouting, and leads to both sides after forming new shoots. Setting shoots at a distance of 15 to 20 centimeters and spraying Huawang No. 3 in time can effectively control shoot growth, promote more flower branches, and promote flower bud differentiation. It can effectively balance the size of flowers and ears and save the trouble of thinning flowers and fruits.

4. Fertilizer and water management: Jiabao fruit cultivation should pay attention to the use of organic fertilizer, advocate the combined use of organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:2:1. To popularize plant nutrition diagnosis and formula fertilization, it can be applied in holes or furrows, with water-soluble fertilizers or long-acting fertilizers, organic fertilizers, microbial fertilizers and chemical fertilizers for many times. Jiabao fruit is a wet species, to keep the soil moist, but avoid stagnant water.

5. Pruning: Jiabao fruit grows slowly and does not need strong pruning at ordinary times, but in order to control plant height and potted tree type, it is appropriate to prune the branches with exuberant growth at the top. In general, it is recommended to prune the lower and internal thin and short branches in order to shape the tree type with ventilated and beautiful branches, and dense or overgrown branches can be trimmed in autumn and winter.

6. pest control: Jiabao fruit has few diseases and insect pests in domestic cultivation, and seldom uses pesticides in management, so it is an excellent planting tree species. However, it is easy to be damaged by birds during the fruiting period. if the poisonous moth larvae harm the leaves, the plant protection manual can be recommended for prevention and control. In addition, aphids, fruit flies, crustaceans and beetles have been recorded, so we should pay attention to these diseases and insect pests when cultivating.