What are the latest fruit tree grafting methods?

The grafting of fruit trees is one of the methods of asexual reproduction of fruit trees, that is, the branches or buds on the plants of good varieties are connected to the appropriate parts of another plant, so that the two can be combined to produce new plants, and the new plants propagated by grafting can not only maintain the excellent characters of their mother plants, but also make use of the favorable characteristics of rootstocks (resistance, adaptability, early fruit, etc.). Let's take a look at the grafting methods of fruit trees.

Peeling and pasting

1. Technical features: peeling and affixing is to cut off a piece of bark of the rootstock and stick the scion on the peeled place, which is usually used when the interface of the rootstock is large and two or more scions are grafted at the same time. But the grafting speed is slow, but the fitting is close, the survival rate is high, and the grafting period also needs to be arranged when the rootstock can leave the bark.

2. Cutting the rootstock: cut off the rootstock in a straight place without scar, and then flatten the wound with a knife. Then cut off a piece of bark equal to the size of the scion wound on the rootstock, with a length of about 4 cm to expose the xylem and formative layer. The number of cuts on the rootstock depends on the thickness of the rootstock. The medium rootstocks can be cut into 2, and the larger rootstocks can be cut into 3-4 or more. Each incision is connected with a scion.

3. Scion cutting: the scion retains 2 or 3 buds, cut a bevel at the lower end, which is about 4 cm long, go deep into the xylem at the beginning of the knife, and then cut straight down to cut about 1x2, without sharpening at the front end.

4. Rootstock grafting: stick the cutting surface of the scion close to the rootstock, peel the incision and expose 0.5 cm above the scion wound.

5. Bandaging management: first tie it up with plastic strips, then apply mud at the cut (or not), and then cover plastic bags for heat preservation and moisturizing. After sprouting, make a small hole in the bag and then remove the plastic bag to make the new shoots grow.

Split joint

1. Technical features: split grafting refers to a small cut in the rootstock to insert the scion into the split, which is an ancient and main method of branch grafting in spring. Because it is not necessary to graft when the rootstock is peeled, the grafting period can be advanced. When splitting, the interface of the rootstock is tightly clamped with the scion, so the scion is not easy to be broken by the wind after the graft survives. The rootstock should be of medium thickness, and it is not easy to split if the rootstock is too thick, and the split clamp force is too large, which is easy to clip the scion. If the rootstock is too thin, the interface is not tight, and the scion is not conducive to survival. However, split grafting is more complex than skin grafting, and requires more tools, and some old trees, such as jujube, their xylem texture is not straight, it is not easy to split straight split, so it is not suitable to use this method.

2. Cutting the rootstock: cut off the rootstock at the place where the bark is straight and without scar, and make great efforts to flatten the wound. Then, in the middle of the rootstock, knock the splitter down slowly with a wooden stick or stick to form a split. For the splicing of twigs, you only need to split from the middle of the branch with a bud knife.

3. Scion cutting: the scion should be sealed with 2 or 3 buds and cut one knife at the lower part of it to form a wedge. If the rootstock is thin, the outside should be slightly thicker than the inside when cutting the scion. The outside of the wedge-shaped wound of the scion is not connected with the inside of the cambium of the rootstock. If the rootstock is thick, the left and right sides of the wedge should be as thick as the left and right sides, so as not to pinch the outer joint due to too much clamping force. The split grafting of twigs requires that the scion and the rootstock are of equal thickness so that the left and right sides meet. The length of scion cutting surface is 4cm, the cutting surface should be long and flat, and the angle should be appropriate, so that the rootstock can join with the scion at the top and bottom of the interface.

4. Rootstock grafting: pry open the split of the rootstock, and then insert the scion into one side of the split. At this time, the key is to align the cambium of both sides of the scion. It is best to align the cambium on the left and right sides of the scion with the cambium on both sides of the split of the rootstock. Twig split grafting requires that the scion is as thick as the rootstock, so that the cambium of the scion and the left and right sides of the rootstock are basically connected. When joining, do not insert all the wounds of the scion into the split, but expose more than 0.5 cm of white, which is conducive to healing. If all the scion wounds are inserted into the split, on the one hand, the upper and lower cambium is not correct, on the other hand, the healing surface forms a pimple in the lower part of the saw, resulting in poor healing in the later stage, which affects the life span.

5. Bandaging management: insert a scion on the split of a medium or thin rootstock, wrap it with a plastic strip 1.5 times the diameter of the rootstock and 40-50 cm long, and wrap the split, wound and exposed areas tightly and tightly. If the cut of the rootstock is thick, two scions can be inserted on both sides of the split. After insertion, the split will be sealed with mud, and then covered with plastic bags and tied tightly. After the scion bud germinates, cut a small opening in the bag to ventilate, wait for the bud to grow and then remove the plastic bag. For twig split grafting, such as grape grafting, the interface is tightly tied with a 1.5 cm wide plastic strip, and then the scion is sealed, exposing only petioles and buds to reduce scion water evaporation.

Cut and paste

1. Technical characteristics: cut-and-paste grafting is a grafting method with the characteristics of cutting and grafting, which is suitable for spring branch grafting of small rootstocks in nursery, and has the characteristics of fast grafting speed and high survival rate.

2. Cutting the rootstock: cut the rootstock about 5 cm from the ground, and then use a knife to cut down 3 cm from the cut, about 1 cm long. Then cut vertically down at the cut, the width of the two incisions is basically equal to the diameter of the scion, so that the two knives are connected, and the two rootstocks are removed to reveal the section.

3. Scion cutting: the scion is wax sealed in advance, leaving 2 or 3 buds in the upper part, cutting a large bevel at the lower end, 4 cm in length, and 2 small slopes on the back, about 1 cm in length.

4. Rootstock grafting: the large cutting surface of the scion is close to the cutting surface of the rootstock, and the lower end is inserted tightly, so that the left and right upper and lower rootstocks are connected with the scion cambium. If the two sides cannot be aligned, they must be aligned to one side.

5. Bandaging management: first tie up the rootstock and scion with plastic strip, then apply mud at the saw, and then tie the saw and scion with plastic pocket.

Lean on the connection

1. Technical characteristics: grafting means that the rootstock and scion lean against each other during grafting, and the growth of natural branches and two trees is also a kind of grafting. Grafting can be carried out in the dormant period or in the growing period, because both rootstocks and scions are grafted without in vitro and have their own roots, so the survival rate of grafting is high. Although grafting is relatively simple, it is quite difficult to put rootstocks and scions together, so it is often used in some special cases, such as saving endangered trees and potted fruit trees.

2. Operating essentials: the cutting and joining of rootstock and scion can be divided into three types according to the thickness of rootstock and scion.

① abutment: also called lapping, the rootstock and scion are cut at opposite positions with a length of 3cm to 4cm. The widest part of the wound is equal to the diameter of the scion, and the size of the wound on both sides is equal. The cutting knife should be sharp, the left hand should bend the branch, and the right hand should cut the wound to straighten it. If the branch is not bent, it cannot be cut. Then put the wounds on both sides together and tie the joint tightly with a plastic strip about 1 cm wide.

② tongue grafting: the rootstock and scion are of equal thickness, each cutting a tongue-shaped mouth on each side in the appropriate place, one from top to bottom, the other from bottom to top, about 3cm deep, to nearly 1cm in diameter, and peel off part of the bark outside the small tongue (melons are not cut when grafted). When cutting the small tongue, the left hand bends the branch and the right hand cuts it, which is easy to operate. When joining is the same as the tongue joint, the tongue-shaped parts of the two are inserted into each other, and then tie the joint tightly with a plastic strip about 1 cm wide.

③ mosaic: this method is used for grafting under the condition of thick rootstock and thin scion. First cut the rootstock into a slot, the width is the same as the diameter of the scion, the length is 4cm to 5cm, and the bark is dug off. The scion is the same as the scion, cut a wound, about 4 cm long. When joining, stick the scion wound into the rootstock slot to make it mosaic each other. Then, tie the joint tightly with a plastic strip about 1 cm wide.