The latest course on planting techniques and methods of papaya trees

Papaya is a shrub or small tree of the genus Rosaceae, with high nutritional value and obvious health care function. Papaya fruit juice beverage, candied fruit, papaya fruit wine, papaya fruit vinegar and so on have been successfully developed and listed with papaya as raw materials. China is cultivated and distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Taiwan and other places. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of papaya trees.

Planting conditions of papaya trees

1. Soil: papaya trees do not have strict requirements on soil quality, and grow well in sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage, and should not be planted in low-lying water accumulation places.

2. Moisture: papaya trees like to be semi-dry and semi-wet. If the soil is too wet before and after flowering, the flowering period will be short. After seeing the fruit, the fruit will be dry and shrunk, and if the soil is too wet in the fruit ripening stage, the fruit will fall.

3. Light: papaya trees are not tolerant to shade, and the planting land can choose to stay away from the wind and the sun.

4. Temperature: papaya trees like a warm environment and can spend the winter in the open field in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin.

Propagation methods of papaya trees

1. Cutting: 1-2-year-old, fully developed, pest-free and completely lignified branches from the mother tree are selected as cuttings, each cuttings have more than 3 nodes, and the lower end near the node is cut into an oblique plane. the cutting section is quickly dipped in 0.05% rooting powder or 0.05% acetic acid for 10 minutes for 15 seconds, take out a little to dry, and then cuttage.

2. Tillering: the sprouting ability of papaya is strong, and many sprouting seedlings grow around the rhizosphere. From September to November every year, the height of seedlings dug up with roots is more than 60cm and 80cm. The seedlings obtained by this method have a high survival rate, but the propagation coefficient is low, so a large number of seedlings can not be obtained.

3. Striping: every spring or autumn, papaya chooses branches that are robust, disease-free and near the ground to bend down, press into the soil, cut part of the soil, fix it with wood branches, and then pile the fertile soil on it. After the ring cutting takes root, separate it from the mother into a separate seedling and plant it as a seedling.

Planting techniques of papaya trees

1. Planting density: papaya can be planted in spring or autumn. After planting, it can be dried at 70cm to 80cm on the ground. When sprouting, the root tillers and the sprouts within 50cm of the base of the trunk can be erased in time, and the overdense shoots can be properly removed. It is suitable for close planting, the row spacing is generally 2 × 3 m in hilly and thin land, 3 × 4 m in flat land with good fertilizer and water, and 5 × 5 m in intercropping with grain and vegetables.

2. Water and fertilizer management: most of the base fertilizer in papaya orchard is applied in autumn, and the amount of base fertilizer accounts for about 70% of the total fertilizer application in the whole year. Topdressing should be carried out in the period of maximum fertilizer effect according to the growth and fruit of papaya trees. In the full fruiting period, trees should apply pre-anthesis fertilizer, post-anthesis fertilizer and fruit expansion fertilizer in time, and the amount of fertilizer applied to young trees should be reduced. Irrigate once after fertilization and pay attention to water control during flowering. After planting in arid areas, the tree plate should be covered with plastic film or covered with grass to preserve soil moisture.

3. Flower and fruit management: flowers will be picked at any time from the first year to the second year of papaya. In the third spring, we should strengthen management and catch up with pre-flowering fertilizer, fruit expansion and autumn fertilizer. The fruit setting rate of self-pollination is high and it is easy to set fruit. Releasing bees or artificial pollination at flowering stage can increase the fruit setting rate. Papaya fruit has the phenomenon of self-thinning, poor pollination of the fruit will automatically fall off, so every year after setting fruit in early May, as long as the small fruit, abnormal fruit can be removed.

4. Shaping and pruning: the middle stem of papaya is relatively upright after grafting, and can be shaped into a cup-shaped, cylindrical or slender spindle shape after a little pruning, usually in the shape of a slender spindle. Pruning is mainly sparse, and attention should be paid to cutting off competitive branches in the middle stem, erect long branches in the crown, over-dense branches, thin and weak branches, disease and insect branches and so on. The branch deficiency site can leave 1-2 buds with short weight to promote branching, and the senescent fruiting branch group should be retracted and renewed in time.

5. pest control: the main diseases of papaya are leaf spot, ring streak, anthrax, dry rot, and pests are aphids, red spiders, papaya borer, peach heart borer, pear planthopper, spider moth, etc. while controlling these diseases and insect pests, we should pay attention to the control of all kinds of caterpillars, pear planthoppers and other pests. Clean up the orchard after winter, sweep away fallen leaves, stiff fruits, disease and insect branches, and concentrate on burning.