The latest course on planting techniques and methods of Orange trees

Orange is a kind of fruit of the citrus genus of Rutaceae, which is of origin in China. Thousands of years of cultivation history can not explain the specific location clearly. It has been spread all over Eurasia by Arabs and is still called "Chinese apple" in the Netherlands and Germany. China is one of the important places of origin of orange fruit, rich in resources and a wide variety of fine varieties. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of orange trees.

Planting conditions of orange trees

1. Temperature: the temperature for the growth and development of orange fruit is 12.5-37 ℃, and the temperature for flower bud differentiation in autumn is about 20 ℃ and 10 ℃, respectively. The soil temperature of root growth is about the same as that of aboveground. High temperature was also not conducive to the growth and development of citrus. The fruit and root system stopped growing when the air temperature and soil temperature were higher than 37 ℃.

2. Illumination: orange is a shade-tolerant tree species, but good sunshine is still needed for high quality and high yield. In general, the areas with annual sunshine hours of 1200 to 2200 hours can grow normally. For example, compared with Chongqing citrus producing areas with good sunshine and rich heat, South China has high sugar content, low acid content and high sugar-acid ratio.

3. Humidity: oranges are suitable for planting in tropical and subtropical regions with an annual rainfall of about 1000 mm. The relative water content of the soil is 60% 80%. If the relative water content of the soil is less than 60%, it needs irrigation. Too much Rain Water causes stagnant water in the soil or high groundwater level. it can kill the roots in citrus orchards with poor drainage.

4. Soil: orange can adapt to a wide range of soil, purple soil, red-yellow soil, beach and coastal, ph 4.5-8 can grow, ph 5.5-6.5 is the most suitable. High oxygen content is required for root growth, and the soil with loose texture, good structure, 20.3% organic matter and good drainage is the most suitable.

Planting techniques of orange trees

1. Seedling planting: when the orange seedlings are planted, the roots of the seedlings are trimmed moderately and placed in the center of the planting hole to stretch the roots, straighten the roots, and gently lift the seedlings upward while filling the soil. Pour enough water on the roots, make a 1-meter plate around the seedlings and cover them with bran shells. After planting orange seedlings, we should do a good job of deep hole expansion and ripening soil, forbid planting tall plants such as corn and wheat in the garden, and do a good job of rational intercropping and weeding in orchards.

2. Fertilizer and water management: orange trees should fully meet the needs of blood orange for various nutrient elements, advocate the application of more organic fertilizer, rational application of inorganic fertilizer and formula fertilizer, and guide fertilization according to the results of leaf analysis, orchard soil analysis and blood orange phenology. Soil fertilization is the main method, combined with foliar fertilization. The methods of ring ditch application, furrow application, hole application and soil surface fertilizer application were adopted. The soil is irrigated when it is dry and drained when it is stagnant.

3. Rational fertilization: orange trees should be applied frequently and thinly, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and fertilized 5-6 times in spring, summer and autumn shoot emergence period. Adult trees apply four times of fertilizer, that is, sprouting fertilizer, fruit protection fertilizer, strong fruit fertilizer, fruit picking fertilizer, sprouting fertilizer 2kg chemical fertilizer, one load of manure water, 1kg fruit protection fertilizer, 1kg phosphate and potassium fertilizer, 1kg fruit fertilizer, 2jin phosphate and potassium fertilizer, 50kg 100kg organic fertilizer and 2jin chemical fertilizer.

4. Pruning techniques: after the elongated branches in the center and the main branches and secondary branches were selected in the young tree stage, they were cut moderately or severely, and the growth balance among the main branches was adjusted by the degree of truncation and the direction of cutting buds. In the result period, we continue to select short-cut treatment of all levels of backbone extension branches, erase summer shoots and promote strong autumn shoots. Measures such as ring cutting, root cutting and water control are adopted to promote flowers for prosperous trees in autumn.

Control of diseases and insect pests in orange trees

1. Foot rot: timely drainage, improve the light transmission and ventilation conditions in the garden, strengthen the control of longicorn beetles and other trunk pests, select disease-resistant rootstocks such as trifoliate orange, orange and orange, and replace disease-resistant rootstocks for susceptible plants.

2. Mites: spring shoot initiation stage, young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage are the main periods for the control of rust lice, and the commonly used pesticides are thiazox, dabalin, acetylid, bromoacarate, dimethomide, etc., and pay attention to protect natural enemies such as long beard mites, blunt mites and lacewings.

3. Scale: commonly used chemicals such as cinothiazin, methamphetamido, matrine + nicotine, Lesbon, oil emulsion, etc., pay attention to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the garden, protect and utilize natural enemies such as Japanese beetle, red-lipped ladybug, lacewings and so on.

4. Aphids: the damage rate of new shoots is up to 25%. It should be sprayed immediately. Commonly used insecticides include chloramidine, dimethoate, butylthiocarb and so on. Attention should be paid to protecting ladybugs, lacewings and aphid wasps, cutting off overwintering eggs and reducing the base number of insect pests.

5. Leaf miner: wipe off the sporadic summer and autumn shoots in time, spray the new shoots to 1: 2 cm, spray once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row. The commonly used agents are avermectin, shamindan, cyhalothrin and so on.

6. Longicorn beetles: adults of longicorn beetles and green orange longicorn beetles are artificially killed at noon on a sunny day, adults of brown longicorn beetles are killed in the evening, eggs, newly hatched larvae and damaged branches are cut off in time, and insecticides such as cotton or cotton yarn are soaked in dimethoate to kill larvae.

7. Flower bud maggots: when budding, fine soil such as diazinon powder and diazinon particles are mixed and sprinkled on the soil surface of the tree plate, once every 7 days, 2-3 times in a row. When the diameter of the bud is 2-3 mm, choose parathion, trichlorfon and other tree crowns.