"thick soil pollution" needs to be curbed.

Just as the blue sky cannot be covered by haze, rivers cannot flow across the river, and the earth cannot carry pollution in thick soil. "Ten articles of atmosphere" and "Ten articles of Water" have been released one after another. when will the "Ten articles of Earth", which people are waiting for, be released?

2015 is the International year of soil designated by the 68th session of the United Nations General Assembly. A few days ago, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the China Association for Science and Technology, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Environmental Protection jointly held a high-level forum on the strategy and decision-making of "soil and Ecological Environmental Security-the International soil year in China" to pay close attention to the progress of the "soil Ten articles". Work together to feel the pulse of land quality and safety issues.

Soil security restricts food security

Although China's grain production has achieved a historic "eleventh consecutive increase", Zhang Taolin, vice minister of agriculture, still feels a lot of pressure because the land quality, the source of food security, is not optimistic.

"to a certain extent, the annual increase in grain income is based on the high-intensity development and utilization of soil and water and other agricultural natural resources and the massive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers." Zhang Taolin said. In 2013, the amount of agricultural chemical fertilizer used in China was 59.12 million tons. According to the agricultural acreage, the amount of chemical fertilizer used was 321.5kg/hm2, which was much higher than the world average, which was 2.6 times that of the United States and 2.5 times that of the European Union. However, the amount of pesticides used in China is still large, which has stabilized at about 320000 tons in recent years, accounting for 1. 7% of the total amount of pesticides in the world.

"at present, the various resource elements and environmental ecology that support grain production are already very tight." Zhang Taolin said. As far as the soil quality of cultivated land is concerned, according to the report released by the Ministry of Land and Resources in 2009 and the data of the second national land survey released in 2013, the overall quality of cultivated land in China is on the low side, and the contribution rate of cultivated land basic fertility to grain output is about 50%. It is far lower than 70% to 80% in Europe and the United States and other countries. The medium-and low-yield fields account for 2%, and the sloping land accounts for about 40%. The imbalance of soil nutrients is quite common.

Moreover, unreasonable development and utilization has led to serious soil degradation in some areas, such as soil erosion, desertification and secondary salinization in Northwest China, thinning of black soil in some parts of Northeast China, and accelerated acidification of red-yellow soil in the south. Degradation problems such as soil acidification, salinization and continuous cropping obstacles in protected vegetable fields (greenhouse) have become increasingly prominent. In addition, some cultivated land is no longer suitable for farming food crops because of moderate and severe pollution.

Soil, as the basis of human survival, has even become the main absorption place of most pollutants, and its quality has been significantly affected. The National soil pollution investigation Bulletin issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Land and Resources in April 2014 shows that the overall soil environmental condition in the country is not optimistic, the soil pollution in some areas is serious, and the soil environmental quality of cultivated land is worrying. the soil environmental problems in industrial and mining wastelands are prominent, and the overall over-standard rate of soil in the country is 16.1%. " Li Ganjie, vice minister of environmental protection, said.

"the problem of soil security has seriously restricted national food security, food security, water security and ecological environment security, which in turn affects national security and international compliance capacity." Shang Yong, secretary of the party group and executive vice chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology, stressed that focusing on soil safety, coordinating and giving full play to the soil production function, environmental protection function, and ecological support function is not only the international frontier topic of soil science, but also the urgent practical needs of our country.

Why soil pollution is difficult to measure and control

"once the soil is contaminated, it is not so easy to recover." Li Ganjie sounded the alarm for people, but also pointed out the difficulties of soil control: compared with water and air pollution, soil pollution has concealment, lag and irreversibility. Especially heavy metal pollution, because it is difficult to degrade, the pollution of heavy metals to soil is basically irreversible. Once soil pollution occurs, it is difficult to recover simply by cutting off the source of pollution. Generally speaking, the cost of controlling soil pollution is high, the period is long and difficult.

Zhang Taolin believes that in order to carry out targeted utilization, protection, restoration and management of resources and environment, the current monitoring and evaluation methods of agricultural resources and environment need to be improved. "due to the diversity and complexity of the types and causes of soil and producing area environment in China, the current monitoring and evaluation methods of agricultural resources and environment are not perfect, and the monitoring and evaluation results often can not objectively and accurately reflect the real state and trend of resources and environment. To a certain extent, it affects the scientific nature and effectiveness of agricultural resources and environmental management."

Take the investigation of soil heavy metal pollution as an example. According to the National soil pollution Survey Bulletin in 2014, the over-standard rate of cultivated land was 19.4%, of which 1.1% was heavily polluted. The survey results of the main agricultural production areas in central and eastern China completed by the Ministry of Land and Resources in 1999 showed that 12.1% of the soils had potential risks of heavy metal pollution. The Ministry of Agriculture has conducted four surveys on cultivated land in some key areas since 2001, and the result is that the total over-standard rate is 10.2%. The reason for the above differences is that, first, there are differences in the purpose, method, layout and sampling density of the survey, and the second is that the evaluation index system is not perfect. Zhang Taolin said.

"We should strengthen the general survey, find out the types, scope, degree and causes of agricultural non-point source pollution and soil degradation as soon as possible, and establish national databases such as non-point source pollution and soil heavy metal pollution in producing areas. timely grasp the status and dynamic trend of agricultural resources and environment. Scientific planning, classified guidance, and formulate national and local plans for the control of agricultural environmental pollution. " Zhang Taolin said.

In addition to the "uncertainty" of pollution, soil control is also faced with a more prominent difficulty: "uncontrollable". Shen Renfang, director of the Nanjing Institute of soil Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that backward management technology and lack of policies and laws also make it difficult for soil governance to proceed smoothly.

Although China has developed corresponding management technology systems such as fertilization, water, agronomy, biology and tillage in the aspects of soil degradation control and obstacle reduction, unreasonable tillage management measures have led to a serious waste of nutrient resources in our country. it reduces the soil quality and poses a threat to the ecological environment. Especially in the technical system of soil remediation and conservation, the management technology and policies and laws are very insufficient. And so far has not issued and established a relatively complete soil protection and management policies and corresponding laws and regulations. " Shen Renfang said.

Legislation on soil pollution Brooks no delay

At present, there are no special laws and regulations for the prevention and control of soil pollution in China, only some relevant provisions are scattered in other relevant legal documents or policy documents. There are obvious defects in these regulations. "first of all, these provisions are scattered and unsystematic, and there are often only one or two relevant legal norms in a relevant legal document, which makes it impossible for soil pollution prevention and control to be carried out systematically and effectively. Secondly, the operability is not strong. The current legal provisions on the prevention and control of soil pollution only point out in principle and generally that it is necessary to 'prevent soil pollution' and 'improve the soil', but there are no clear and specific provisions on how to protect the soil environment from pollution and how to renovate, repair or improve the contaminated soil environment, so it is difficult to implement it. In addition, these provisions are obviously lagging behind and cannot meet the current requirements. " Li Ganjie stressed that it is urgent to accelerate the legislation on the prevention and control of soil pollution.

The Central Committee's "opinions on speeding up the Construction of Ecological Civilization" clearly put forward the formulation and implementation of an action plan for the prevention and control of soil pollution, giving priority to the protection of the soil environment of cultivated land, and strengthening the treatment of industrial pollution sites. "carry out pilot projects for soil pollution control and remediation", and the soil pollution Prevention and Control Law has also been included in the legislative plan of the standing Committee of the 12th National people's Congress this year.

The Ministry of Environmental Protection has started the research on legislation for the prevention and control of soil pollution since 2006. In 2013, the standing Committee of the 12th National people's Congress listed the legislation on the prevention and control of soil pollution as a category I project in the legislative planning, and the Environmental Protection Committee of the National people's Congress commissioned the Ministry of Environmental Protection to draft the Law on the Prevention and Control of soil pollution. At present, the proposed draft has been submitted to the Environmental Protection and assets Committee of the National people's Congress. The Ministry of Environmental Protection, together with relevant departments, is stepping up efforts to formulate a national action plan for the prevention and control of soil pollution.

Li Ganjie pointed out that the prevention and control of soil pollution in China will highlight two key points and three links. "it is necessary to firmly grasp the two key points of agricultural land and contaminated sites, prescribe the right remedy to the case, put forward a series of institutional requirements, such as hierarchical and classified management, adjust measures to local conditions, treat them as they can, and do a good job in risk control if they cannot be controlled for the time being, so as to ensure safe use." Li Ganjie said. The three links are "prevention, control and treatment". "Prevention" is to strictly prevent new soil pollution through the establishment of strict laws and regulations and the implementation of strict supervision and supervision. "Control" means to carry out investigation and investigation, to grasp the status and distribution of soil pollution, and to take effective measures to prevent and control the risk of pollution. "treatment" means to carry out soil pollution control and remediation, classify policies, organize pilot demonstrations of soil pollution control in typical areas, gradually establish a technical system for soil pollution treatment and remediation, and promote soil pollution treatment and remediation step by step in a planned way.

Li Ganjie also revealed that before the promulgation of the soil pollution Prevention and Control Law, he will actively study and formulate supporting policy standards and technical systems. The regulations and rules for the prevention and control of soil pollution of construction land, the measures for the management of soil environment of contaminated sites and the measures for the management of soil environment of agricultural land were formulated in advance. Revise and issue the New Standard of soil Environmental quality and relevant soil environmental standards, carry out pilot demonstration of soil pollution control and remediation, and establish a technical system for soil pollution treatment and remediation, so as to provide strong technical support for the promulgation and implementation of the law.

"it will take us six to seven years to contain the worsening trend of soil pollution and improve the soil environment throughout the country. Specifically, it is to effectively protect the soil environment of agricultural land, to achieve orderly rest and recuperation of seriously polluted cultivated land, to basically guarantee the soil environmental safety of construction land, and to achieve remarkable results in the pilot demonstration of soil pollution prevention and control. " Li Ganjie said.