The latest planting skills of strawberries in greenhouse

For a long time, strawberries are loved by people because of their sweet and sour taste, fragrant smell and rich nutritional value. Some people call strawberries "fruit queen" together with mangosteen and blueberries, which highlights the status of strawberries in people's hearts. Nowadays, in order to realize the out-of-season cultivation of strawberries and obtain greater economic benefits, strawberries are mostly planted in small arched sheds wrapped with plastic film. in order to be put on the market as soon as possible to meet the market demand, the key lies in winter management. we should mainly grasp the following five technical points.

First, timely buckle the shed to keep warm. In general, when the temperature drops below 5 ℃, the strawberry cultivation bed should be covered with a small semicircular arch shed and covered with colorless plastic film. Pay attention to ventilation in the initial stage of buckling shed to prevent more than 30 ℃ in the shed, especially around noon when there are no clouds and strong sunlight in sunny days, and high temperature burning seedlings should be prevented. In addition, when the lowest temperature in the greenhouse is about 5 ℃, cover the greenhouse film with paper quilt or grass to keep warm at night, and remove it in time after sunrise during the day, so as to increase daylight exposure, increase the temperature in the greenhouse, and beware of freezing injury or retting roots. Enter a few cold days, if the highest temperature in the shed is below 10 ℃, do not take off the covered thermal insulation material during the day to facilitate strawberries to survive the winter safely. After the "May 9" and "69" days, when the external temperature is stable above 0 ℃, the paper quilt or grass quilt can be removed after sunrise during the day, but it should be covered in time before sunset in the evening to maintain a higher temperature in the arch shed. When the temperature in the small arch shed is stable above 5 ℃ at night, the cover can be removed, weather changes can be paid attention to at any time, and timely ventilation can prevent the harm of high temperature.

Second, prevent early buds and early flowers. In the process of strawberry production in greenhouse, early budding and early flowering are easy to occur. This phenomenon occurs too often, which will seriously affect the yield and quality of strawberries. The phenomenon of early bud and early flowering of strawberries in greenhouse is related to the following factors. First, it is related to the characteristics of the variety. The varieties with easy differentiation of flower buds and shallow dormancy, such as Lihong and Qiuxiang, etc., need only about 50 hours of dormancy, need less low temperature during the dormancy period, and are prone to early buds. Second, it is related to the premature differentiation of flower buds caused by fertilizer and pseudo-planting. On the one hand, before seedling raising to flower bud differentiation, if there is less nitrogen absorption, strawberry flower bud differentiation often occurs earlier; on the other hand, if the pseudo-planting time is too late, the pseudo-planting seedlings are too small, or the soil on the pseudo-planting bed is too dry or too wet, and insufficient fertilizer can make strawberry flower buds differentiate prematurely. All these will cause early budding and early flowering of strawberries after planting. In order to prevent early budding and early flowering of strawberries, the following points should be done in production: first, select suitable varieties. The varieties with shallow dormancy should be selected for cultivation in greenhouse. If you choose a variety with strong dormancy, thermal insulation should not be covered too early. The second is to fertilize reasonably, strengthen management and cultivate strong seedlings in the process of raising seedlings. By removing old leaves, removing inflorescences, straightening out stolons and spraying gibberellin, we can strengthen the management of mother plants and produce high-quality strong seedlings. Third, pay attention to control the temperature after withholding the shed. The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled below 25 ℃ during the day and above 0 ℃ at night. In the severe winter, through the small shed in the greenhouse, thickening cover, erecting wind barriers and other heat preservation measures to ensure the normal development of strawberries. For the plants that have already produced early buds and early flowers, we should remove the buds in time, strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, promote the flowering and fruiting of axillary buds and reduce the loss.

Third, strengthen the management of fertilizer and water. The fruiting period of strawberry in greenhouse is long, so it is necessary to apply reasonable topdressing on the basis of re-application of base fertilizer in order to meet its nutritional requirements. Topdressing takes the principle of "a small amount and many times". From buckling shed to budding, shallow water can be applied once in about 10 days, 10 kg of urea per mu, 5-8 kg of calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride each. In addition, in the middle and later stage, it can be combined with spraying, foliar spraying multi-element micro-fertilizer or phytin and other organic nutrient solution to improve the fruit weight and sugar content of strawberry. The temperature in the greenhouse is too high and the soil water evaporation is large, so it should be irrigated in time. In the early stage, the external temperature was high, and irrigation was carried out in the evening; in the later stage, the temperature inside and outside the greenhouse was lower, and irrigation was carried out in the morning. After irrigation, first increase the temperature of the shed, and then increase the air volume and reduce the humidity. Don't water too often and water thoroughly every time. Stop watering one week before flowering, and water once 15 days after flowering combined with fertilization.

Fourth, anti-deformity fruit. Mixed planting of some main varieties with a large amount of pollen is an effective measure to prevent abnormal fruit of strawberry in greenhouse. The varieties planted by the landlords are Baojiao Zaosheng, and the pollinated varieties are Chunxiang, Fengxiang, etc., which are generally planted at 5% and 10%. Strawberry can not be sprayed with pesticides during flowering to prevent the decrease of pollen germination rate, affect fertilization and produce deformed fruit. Strawberry can be used to control the disease before flowering, pull out the diseased plant in time after flowering, remove the diseased leaves and inflorescences, and control the spread of the disease. When the soil moisture is insufficient, the dark irrigation of plastic film between ridges should be carried out in time. When lack of fertilizer, combined with watering, apply 45% ternary compound fertilizer 15 kg per mu, do not apply ammonium bicarbonate. After the fertilizer is diluted with water, the effect of drilling and topdressing is better, which can promote fertilizer with water and meet the needs of normal flowering and fruiting of strawberries. When each batch of flower buds of strawberries in the greenhouse is formed, bees are placed in the greenhouse, and 5000 of them are kept in each standard shed, so that the pollination rate can reach 100%. The release time is 8-9 am and 3-4 pm.

Fifth, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Strawberry cultivated in a small arch shed is prone to diseases such as powdery mildew and gray mold and underground pests harm strawberry plants because of high temperature and humidity in the greenhouse. For pests, 25% phoxim can be sprinkled in the soil or mixed with fine soil before planting, or trichlorfon powder can be used to control the soil. For diseases, 40% methyl topiramate 300-400 times or 240 times Bordeaux solution should be sprayed in time after film mulching.

These are the main technical points of growing strawberries in the greenhouse. As the severe winter is approaching, strawberry growers might as well give it a try. Maybe next year's harvest will please climb another tall building. Let's take action quickly.