A course on the latest Storage and fresh-keeping techniques of Grape

Grape is one of the fruits we can often see in our daily life. It tastes sour and sweet, and the price is relatively affordable. However, grapes are easy to provoke mosquitoes, and can not be kept fresh for a long time, should not be kept for a long time, in the grape market season due to the sales pressure, many growers in order to reduce the rotten consumption have to choose to sell at a reduced price, even at a loss, to solve this problem, the most important thing is to be able to effectively store grapes fresh. Grapes do not ripen after the process, so in the grape fully ripe after harvest, and not mature grapes are not resistant to storage. The following pro-agricultural network for everyone to introduce: grape storage preservation technology.

I. Pre-mining management should be grasped

Increasing the sugar content of grapes can enhance storage resistance. Application of organic fertilizer can not only increase yield, but also improve quality, sugar content and storage. The grape quality will decline obviously and it will rot easily when it is stored. In order to improve yield, sugar content and storage tolerance, organic manure such as decomposed water and human manure can be applied once in the middle and late stages of grape growth, 500~700 kg per mu per furrow or hole. 15~20 days before grape harvest, except for irrigation in severe drought, no watering is allowed, otherwise it will reduce storage. Grape harvest, to cut off the lower end of the cluster 14~13 soft tip (fruit), this part of the fruit small, low sugar content, perishable, must be cut off.

II. Scientific recovery and precooling

There are many varieties of fresh grape, and the storability of different varieties has great difference. Generally speaking, the storage tolerance of extremely early and early maturing varieties is mostly poor, that of late maturing varieties is mostly good, and that of medium maturing varieties is mostly between the two. Kyoho, Paul Gall, white rose incense and other good resistance to storage, milk, Saba pearl and other resistance to storage, rose incense and other resistance to storage medium. Grape has no after-ripening. In order to maintain the quality of storage fruit, it should be harvested after full maturity, not too early or too late. Cloudy days, dew dry morning or evening is most suitable for harvesting, rainy days, high temperature sun can not be harvested. Bamboo, wood or cardboard boxes can be used for transporting grapes. Before use, these appliances should be put in the sun for 1~2 days, and then disinfected paper scraps should be laid around and at the bottom of the box to prevent sharp parts from damaging fruit grains. Each box should contain 15~20 kg grapes, too much or too little is inconvenient to carry. Different varieties of grapes should be harvested and stored separately, not mixed mining, mixed loading and mixed storage. Fruit should be picked with fruit scissors, light picking, light loading, light transportation, light unloading, do not pull hard or throw, put randomly. The harvested grapes should be pre-cooled for 1~2 days in a cool and ventilated place, preferably in a 0~1℃ pre-cooling room for 24 hours before storage.

III. Disinfection of storage places

The storage place and utensils should be carefully cleaned before storing grapes, and a layer of quicklime powder should be sprinkled on the ground, 20% quicklime water should be sprayed on the surrounding walls, and then 10~ 15g formalin should be used for airtight fumigation for 6~10 hours per cubic meter space. After opening the door and ventilating the window, the grapes can be stored after dispersing the medicinal smell.

IV. Storage and preservation method

1. Cellar storage. Cellars or bomb shelters used for storing apples and pears can be stored with a little preparation. Cellar erection width of 100 cm, each layer of 30~40 cm of wood or iron frame, grapes placed on it can be. During storage, check once every 15~20 days, remove diseased particles and rotten particles in time, and ventilate once every 7~10 days. The optimum temperature for storage is 3~4℃, the relative air humidity is 85%~90%, and it can be stored for 70~100 days.

2. Ordinary bungalow storage. Storage rooms are required to be high in terrain, sheltered from wind and shade, free or rarely with rats and pests, low underground water level, good airtightness, and need to install automatic refrigeration equipment. Indoor build 2~3 layers of wood or iron frame, put grape ears gently on the frame, the top can be covered with disinfection paper. Can also be loaded with fruit boxes or baskets placed on the shelf. During storage, keep room temperature 0~1℃, relative air humidity 85%~90%, check every 7~10 days and ventilate once. This method can be stored for 2 - 3 months.

3. Kaizo. In the cellar or bungalow, etc. with wood or iron rods, etc. frame, grape ears will be hung on wood or bamboo, etc. This method is most suitable for storing late-maturing varieties, not early-maturing varieties. During storage, the temperature should be kept at 0~1℃, the relative air humidity should be 85%~90%, and ventilation should be carried out every 7~10 days. This method can be stored for 2 - 3 months.

4. Ditch hiding. The selected land should be high in terrain, low in groundwater level, solid in soil layer, free from rats and insects, sheltered from wind, shady, short or no illumination time, etc. The ditch is north-south, 1 meter wide at the top, 30~40 cm wide at the bottom and 80 cm deep. After the ditch is excavated, 7~ 10cm dry fine river sand is paved at the bottom, then 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times solution and other pesticides are sprayed to the bottom of the ditch and both sides of the ditch to expel insects, rats, etc., then grape ears are gently placed on the dry fine river sand, three layers of ears are placed in total, and a thin layer of clean straw or newspaper is covered on the top. Finally, a herringbone bracket is erected on the ditch, and a straw mat is covered on the bracket during the day and uncovered at night. When the outside temperature drops to 1~2℃ during the day, straw mats should be covered day and night; when the outside temperature drops below 0℃, straw mats should be covered to prevent freezing. The optimum temperature for ditch storage is 3~4℃ and the relative air humidity is 85%. This method is only suitable for northern production areas and can be stored for 60 to 80 days.

5. Cold storage. The bamboo or wooden baskets that have been loaded with grapes shall be stacked in the warehouse in the shape of "pin". The height of the stack shall not exceed four baskets, and more than 1 meter wide walkway shall be reserved between the stacks to facilitate operation. Grapes should be stored separately, not with other fruits or mixed storage. Different grape varieties and grapes at different maturity stages should also be stored separately. The optimum temperature for cold storage is 0~1℃, the relative air humidity is 90%~95%, and ventilation should be performed every 7~10 days during storage. This method can be stored for 3 to 4 months.

6. Simple home storage. Grapes or buy a small amount for the New Year and other fresh food, can be stored in cans or jars, preservation effect is also good. According to the number of stored grapes, choose the appropriate size of the jar or pot, wash the jar with clean water in advance, then dry the water with dry towel, then wipe the inner wall with cotton ball dipped in 70% alcohol, dry and gently place the grapes layer by layer, each layer is 10~ 15cm thick, then put bamboo curtain, then put grapes on the bamboo curtain until the jar is full, finally use non-toxic plastic film to tighten the seal, put the jar in a cool place without light. The altar with smaller mouth stores grapes, and the altar sealed with non-toxic plastic film can be buried deep in the pit and covered with 20 cm thick soil. This method can be stored fresh for 1~2 months.

The above is the grape storage and preservation technology introduced by the pro-agricultural network. It can be seen that through this method, most grapes can be stored for 1~2 months, and the storage time of cold storage can be up to 4 months at most. This not only realizes the long-term storage of grapes, but also bypasses the grape listing season, realizes the anti-season listing, and improves the income of growers.