The latest Research on the Evolution of National Orchid Line Art

Feng Gangyi of Macau

Foreword

From the beginning to now, the author has cultivated Leiyi orchid for more than 30 years. On the other hand, the author has spent a lot of money on purchasing the wild resources of Ye Yi (mainly line art and graphic art, as well as floral art, crystal art, and plastic art), in order to study its evolution and breeding new varieties for more than 20 years. At present, there are more than 3,000 wild breeding materials preserved in the orchid garden. Through years of unremitting efforts, we have selected more than ten new varieties of line art, such as Chonghe, Caixiajin, Jinxia, Yuxia, Baoxia and so on. As well as Tianshan Snow, Xialuan Bath Day, Yu Rui Qiongzhi, Yun Mi Bihai and other new varieties. In addition, Jasper Suhe (a kind of high-end pure green lotus) has begun to show snow-white stripes; Feng's plum (Ye Ziying's colorful plum) has made its debut in the art of painting; gold (anthocyanin), part of it has shown the art of whole leaves; and jiao Yu (Jiao Valve parotid element), has made its debut in the art of thread and picture. This paper mainly expounds the following four aspects: the observation of the change of all kinds of art orientation; the change and evolution of pink spots in spots; the observation of the relationship between art color, bud color and flower color; and some additions and amendments to traditional thread nouns. This article is the original experience of the author's long-term research, and can be regarded as a companion to my work "A brief account of the National Orchid Line".

Observation on the changes of various artistic orientations

In the national orchid covered by the flower art, line art, shape art, crystal art, picture art these five categories, line art is a very important category. It can be said that line art is a colorful, unpredictable, deep world like the sea. Therefore, in the broad-leaf orchid world represented by Mo Lan, there is a joke that "if you don't know the art of thread, it's not enough to talk about the art of orchid." According to the researchers, silver, color, fat, colloid, white seed, lutein and so on are the basic elements of thread art. It is also said that orchids are the easiest to perform in areas where the maritime climate is more obvious, such as the eastern part of Hualien and Miaoli on Taiwan island. Internal causes work through external causes. Orchid art involves a variety of complex factors, only the integration of various elements in the orchid body, up and down, can become the driving force to detonate the orchid. And because the author is not familiar with science, so only through long-term perseverance of careful observation, in order to gain understanding. The following are some of the results observed in the practice of art change research and breeding (many of which are transitional art states). Cloud well shows stripes; cloud wells show cyanotic caps; bones in cloud wells show cyanotic hats and blossoms; claws out of vertical lines; claws out of claw stripes; deep white claws out of white crowns; white claws vertical lines out of white claw powder leaves; white claws with pink spots; white claws with cyanotic hats on the edges White claw vertical line-white stripe-cyanotic claw white stripe; white claw into seven points; white claw-white light Wheel-white claw stripe-white crown stripe; yellow claw dark line yellow claw stripe; yellow claw stripe yellow claw stripe; yellow and white deep claw stripe; yellow and white claw spot out of primary middle spot; yellow and white claw spot out of cyanotic cap stripe; cyanotic claw striped with white swept tail bone line; cyanotic claw striped through cyanotic hat; third generation claws with no tail stripe Light green claws out of light cyanotic hat yellow through; cyanotic hat yellow and green stripes out of white claws stripes; stripes into deep crane big claw stripes (Chong Tianhe); more than a dozen artistic directions (Caixia series), such as stripe, brush edge, half claw, cyanotic claw, brocade, treasure, etc. (Caixia series); Primary claw out of half side stripe; brush edge stripe out of covering wheel; no tail spot out of green leaf, next generation out of middle spot; no tail stripe out of middle spot. There are no tail stripes on the medial side of the tail, no tail stripes, no tail yellow and white spots, no yellow and white spots on the tail, yellow and white spots in the upper leaves, whole leaf stripes in the upper leaves, light cyanotic hats or claws in the upper leaves, dark green spots in the light lines, white spots in the middle of the cyanotic hat, yellow green spots in the middle of the cyanotic cap, no fine white in the tail, no midbone speckles in the tail and middle spots in the middle of the tail. The middle bone line is medium transparent and medium spot, and is easy to appear green leaf; no tail stripe comes out; medial short spot appears inside big stripe; single silver thread gives color nail and white sweep; yellow bottom green claw spot appears yellow middle spot; no tail silver line shows white spot; light yellow background green line shows bright black and white stripe; upper dark line of leaf shows brush edge claw stripe; middle bone dark spot shows primary cyanotic hat; white spot shows white brush edge stripe. After gradual development, the dark silver line shows white stripe, white middle spot, white claw stripe, no tail dark white line, white middle spot, middle bone and accessory bone line, yellow and white stripe on the upper part of the leaf, silver stripe on the upper part of the leaf, large medial spot on the medial short spot, half claw stripe on the middle bone line, cyanotic cap on the middle bone and accessory bone line, light cyanotic cap on the middle bone and accessory bone line, snow and white spots on the milky yellow spot, green and white stripes on the dark green lines. The tail white spot line is yellow and transparent; the sparse stripe line shows half of the stripe; the dark and white line in the leaf shows tricolor claw stripe; the tail spot shows the cyanotic cap line and transitions to the middle spot (this phenomenon is more common); the tail yellow spot is yellow and transparent; the single tail spot is mutated into an abnormal beautiful pink-white spot of the whole plant (now focus on breeding). 1 Mel 2 tail stripes mutated into the whole plant pink and white abnormal beautiful stripe (now being selected); yellow cover wheel out of deep crane stripe (memorial orchid); white cover wheel out of white crown crown stripe; white cover wheel out of white crown stripe; green cover wheel out of white claw; large cover wheel out of crane cover wheel; shallow cover wheel out of deep crane stripe; yellow and white crane stripe at the beginning of yellow and white crane; yellow and white crane out of white crane. Yellow crane pink leaves deep yellow crane; yellow crane ghost pink leaves; progressive spots in the middle; no silver spots on the back of the tail; deep claws and shallow wheels in the primary; light green caps in the white brush tail; claws in the tail; vertical lines in the claws; silver stripes in the green leaves; dark green and yang art in the green leaves; cyanosis in the yellow-green leaves; pink-green art in the white art; black art in the white art; thick silver out of the fire art. After the Ming Dynasty turned to Quanming (now Ming).

The change and evolution of pink spots in patches

In the huge field of line art, spots (tiger spots) are also included, and they are combined with claws, stripes and cyanotic hats into four systems. In the grouper, some people divide it into big tiger spot, hail spot, golden sand spot, meteor spot, tortoiseshell spot, snakeskin spot, arrow spot and so on. According to the author's observation, there are two types of spots: fixed art state and wandering art state. The fixed art state is generally a variety of tiger spots with different names, which are summarized as full spot, block spot, node spot, strip spot, spot spot, intermittent spot, mixed spot and so on. The author of art state wandering calls it pink spot (or pink leaf). It is a primary art form in spot art, which has not been mentioned before. Pink spots often appear in a suspected powdery form, mostly white and yellow, sometimes covered with whole leaves, and sometimes distributed in any part of the orchid leaves. The artistic state of pink spot is uncertain, but it is very changeable. The author estimates that it contains some linear factors, which may be silver or silver derivatives. These substances condensed at the tip of the leaf, can form claws; condensed at the edge of the leaf, can form a covered wheel; condensed in the leaf, can form stripes; after a long period of evolution, it can form a variety of different grades of thread. In the grouper, it is difficult to get in and out of the line art, such as big tiger spot, mung bean spot, reticular spot and so on, and most of the ambiguous ones can evolve into line art. In addition, most of the pink spots are dark or gradually dark, and most of them are red buds, pink buds, yellow buds and color buds, which are easy to blossom in a variety of colors. To sum up, pink spots can basically change and evolve into line art in the end, which may be the final destination of pink spots. The following are the records of the changes and evolution of powder spots (including other spots) obtained by the author through long-term observation: powder spot sweeping tail; powder spot claw; powder spot covering wheel; cyan-yellow powder spot; middle powder spot sweeping the tail of the pocket leaf; powder spot out of the key tip crystal; powder spot out of the unformed cyanotic cap stripe; the middle and lower part of the pink color spot out of the dawn spot; the pink yellow speckle out of the white spot; the middle and lower part of the powder spot out of the tail sweep. Powder spot can not show tail thin line stripe; powder spot out of reticular spot; powder spot out of crown art; powder spot out of shallow claw, deep claw, crown, crane, then crown stripe, crane stripe (this variety to be named); powdery dawn spot out of shallow claw, deep claw, crane art, crown art; powdery dawn spot out of tail stripe, no tail stripe; small tiger spot out of claw; small tiger spot out of inclusion stripe; unformed block spot out of green claw; reticular spot out of inclusion stripe. Yellow speckle out of the yellow bottom green line; yellow and white tiger spot out of the picture art; foot spot out of leaf spot, and mostly tiger spot.

Observation on the relationship between Art Color, Bud Color and Flower Color

In the long-term and careful observation, he noticed that there is a very close relationship between art color, bud color and flower color, and the relationship between bud color and flower color is especially close. Here, people not only focus on the relationship between bud color and flower color, but also discuss the relationship between art color and flower color. As far as the ink orchid (Orchid) is concerned, the bud color varies greatly according to the origin. For example, most of the ink orchids produced in the mainland are brown buds, while those produced in Taiwan are mostly blue buds. According to the general situation, brown buds have more brown flowers with poor color, while cyan buds have lighter flowers or even plain flowers. However, after entering the art, mainland Mulan. Many of them will turn into red buds or colored buds, especially those with cyanotic hats, medium spots, and medium-through art, and most of the flowers and colors will become bright, while Taiwan orchids, even those with cyanotic hats, medium spots, and medium-through art, will not change much in their flower color and bud color. And because the wild resources of Taiwan Magnolia have been exhausted, what we see now are all traditional varieties, while the author has long collected and developed the wild resources of Magnolia in the mainland, so this aspect has become the research direction of the author. The following is the author's long-term observation on the relationship between bud color and flower color of wild Cymbidium plants in mainland China: red bud with green claw red flower; red bud with ochre flower; pink bud with white compound flower; pink bud with green bird blossom (Yuxia); pink bud with peach flower; pink bud with water safflower (Jiuxia); pink bud with complex green flower. Pink purple bud opens purple deep whorl red flower (purple cloud red day); golden red bud opens cinnabar safflower; golden red bud opens rouge flower; shallow claw purple bud opens main petal, secondary lobe, hold petal, tongue petal all have purple covered wheel flower (big red purple); bright red bud (leaves white before green) blossoms; yellow bud blossoms; yellow buds open purple flowers; light yellow green buds open white flowers; yellow bud leaves open purple flowers; yellow bud petiole pink spots open sand safflower (rich red). Yellow bud big pink blossoms; light yellow buds open white compound flowers; bluish yellow buds open purple flowers; yellow green buds pink leaves bloom golden peach parotid (hyperin); golden buds bloom (Caixiajin); color buds open safflower; new varieties with striped color buds open brown flowers (still changing); pink blossoms in color buds; peach flowers in color buds; pink flowers in green buds; pink flowers in green buds; pure green lotus (Jasper lotus) in pure green buds. Halo green bud blossoms; white green buds open white flowers (Baoxia); light green buds open yellow-green flowers (fish yellow butterfly); pink-green buds open red-yellow-green tricolor flowers; green buds open yellow placenta; pink green buds open pink flowers; turquoise buds open mixed brown flowers; green buds open green petals halo flowers (Tianshan snow); all kinds of pure green buds of different colors open various colors of vegetarian flowers. Bluish brown bud blooming bright and beautiful complex flower (this case is rare, such as Yixia); cyan brown bud opens mixed color plum petal flower (Feng's plum); cyan brown bud opens pig liver safflower (cholera red liver); cyan brown bud opens purple flower; cyan brown bud opens dark red flower; cyan brown bud opens red golden flower; purple bud opens purple flower; light purple bud opens purple striped flower (purple pattern lovely); light purple bud opens red flower; black bud opens orange yellow flower; black bud opens yellow flower.

Some additions and amendments to the name of traditional line art

In the vast world of line art, predecessors (mainly the orchid boundary of Japan and the orchid boundary of Taiwan) have worked hard and made pioneering contributions. However, in the construction of this thousands of doors of the temple, the cognition of each family is also difficult to be completely unified. In view of this, in order to improve the study of line art, the author briefly puts forward his own opinions on the addition and amendment of some line art terms.

I. Addendum

1. Customary name: middle spot; proposed name: shallow cyanotic cap middle spot, deep cyanotic hat middle spot.

2. Idiomatic name: Zhongtuo; to be used: cyanotic cap, cyanotic claw, white claw, yellow claw, green claw, white wheel, yellow wheel, green wheel, green wheel, cyanosis wheel.

Among the above kinds of penetration, the cyanotic hat, the white wheel, the yellow wheel, the green wheel and the cyanotic wheel are more stable, and the artistic color in the leaves is better without moss.

3. Customary name: stripe; proposed name: thick stripe, thin stripe, tail stripe, no tail stripe, half leaf stripe, whole leaf stripe.

4. Customary name: claw stripe; proposed name: White claw stripe, yellow claw stripe, green claw stripe, cyanotic claw stripe.

The above kinds of claws are divided into two categories: green background white line and yellow background green line.

Second, the amendment part

Customary names: present bright (also known as Jinqing), Hou Ming, Hou Ming (also known as Hou Ming, first Ming); proposed name: Quanming (now bright, today sunny), Hou Ming (still retained), Qianming (Hou Hou Ming, Hou Ming), and can be divided into fully recessive Qianming, semi-recessive Qianming, and progressive Qianming.

In the above three art forms, Quanming can be appreciated throughout the growing period; after the Ming Dynasty, the appreciation time is shortened, and it is more difficult to judge; the former Ming is more colorful, and the progressive Qianming is the most promising, which can be used as a perfect product of flower art (such as Yuxia). After the revision, the above three art forms have two advantages: one is that the three art forms have a clear word, which is consistent, and the other is that they can clearly express the emergence time and retention time of the three art forms.

After language

The treasure island of Taiwan is a famous treasure house of Orchid, which is rich in line art and strange flowers. since the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War between China and Japan in 1895, the Qing government signed the Shimonoseki Treaty with Japan, which ceded land and silver to Japan. Taiwan and the Penghu Islands were ceded to Japan. Since then, Taiwan has entered the era of Japanese occupation. The Japanese are addicted to orchids, while the four islands of Japan only produce Chunlan and Hanlan. After the Japanese entered Taiwan, they were naturally pleasantly surprised to find this treasure house of extremely rich resources in Muran, so they went on a shopping spree, brought it back to their own country to carry out meticulous training, and took the lead in starting line art research. Since then, there has been frequent interaction in the Taiwan Rilan world, thus creating a golden era for the cultivation and research of Taiwan's ink orchid line art. Many years ago, the author visited Taiwan several times and had the opportunity to visit many orchid districts such as Hualien and Miaoli. I had the honor to meet a number of old people in the orchid world, and experienced their famous elegant demeanor and family demeanor in the exchange. However, with the passage of time, the resources of ink orchid on Taiwan island are gradually exhausted, some famous people are also old and withered, and the orchid world is not as brilliant as it used to be; on the contrary, there are still certain ink orchid resources in the mainland, and there are almost all new varieties from the mainland in recent years, which has formed a kind of regional alternation and transfer. In view of this, the author believes that in the years to come, mainland ink orchid should be taken as the main research direction of ink orchid thread art, which is also a proposition that thread art researchers must face squarely.

In the study of line art, we can often see such a situation: with the emergence and development of art, the leaves of some orchid plants will gradually or suddenly become shorter, wider, thicker and straight, and the whole plant type will become straight and compact. This often happens in graphic art. This is probably due to the fact that both line art and picture art orchid plants have some similar art-changing substances.

In the process of the evolution of thread art, the color of some of the flowers will also change with different degrees: the flowers become red, purple, colorful and colorful, and there are bird beaks, wheels, cyanotic hats and stripes on the flowers. In addition, some flowers also appear white, red, yellow, purple and other colors, and even stripe stripes. The higher the artistic orientation, the richer and brighter the design and color, sometimes even translucent.

In the breeding of Mulan varieties, if we have the chance to find the three best varieties of art, flower art and shape, it will be the best choice in a million.

In the observation of the evolution of the ink orchid line, it is not easy to distinguish the bud color (and the flower color related to the bud color). In terms of bud color, the degree of artistic change of orchid plant, the content of chlorophyll and lutein, the length of time after budding, the different year and month of budding, and the weather changes at that time (such as temperature, humidity, light, etc.), can influence the researchers to accurately distinguish the bud color; as far as flower color is concerned, the flower color of the same variety blooming at the same time is not completely consistent. After all, naked eye observation is far less subtle than scientific detection. However, I believe that the results of my careful observation and research over the years will still be of reference value to the research and breeding of thread art.

"Huang Yi is the starting point of line art, and Bai Yi is the end of line art." it seems to be the consensus of the people. However, the author thinks that the traditional knowledge of thread art is not necessarily an immutable golden rule. Because in the author's practical observation, there are some examples of the co-existence of white art and yellow art in their offspring after changing from white art to yellow art. The lack of breeding materials and the emergence of new art trends may be unexpected reasons for researchers.

The line art changes endlessly, which often makes people interested, so it has a large number of enthusiasts. The art of stitching is something that many people are used to talking about, but when it comes to it, it doesn't make sense. Two very vulgar slang terms are popular in southern Guangdong, one is "the shoe mender pulls the thread, one pulls it to the mouth", and the other is "eat cow blood and take a black shit and see merit face to face". These two slang terms mean that people are eager to get things done. However, in the study of the evolution of line art, there are absolutely no shortcuts and smooth roads; what people must have is ten years of endurance and endurance to withstand loneliness. Only in this way can we accumulate and have the ability to see and hide, and gradually master the basic law of the evolution of line art.

Feng's Orchid Garden, Chen Village, mid-April 2013