The amount of fertilizer applied to fruit trees and vegetables in China exceeds the safe level.

At a press conference held by the Information Office of the State Council in the morning, Zhang Taolin, vice minister of the Ministry of Agriculture, gave a briefing on the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution. In response to a reporter's question about the widespread use of agricultural film, pesticides, and chemical fertilizers by farmers, causing a lot of pollution, Zhang Taolin said frankly that fruit trees and vegetables are mostly used in chemical fertilizers in the past few years, and the area of fruit trees and vegetables has expanded rapidly in recent years, the amount of fertilizer applied is relatively high, and it has exceeded the safety level, and these areas should be reduced as a key point in the future.

Zhang Taolin said: in view of the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution, it is mainly necessary to integrate the protection of agricultural resources with the development of agricultural production, and at the same time combine the prevention and control of exogenous and endogenous pollution. Form a joint force, cooperate with all sectors of society, integrate various resources for prevention and control. It is necessary to form an overall system solution involving the source, process, end full chain, whole process and all elements of agricultural non-point source pollution. According to various types of pollution, targeted measures should be taken to promote "one control, two reductions and three basics".

In terms of "one control", mainly in terms of agricultural water consumption, water-saving agriculture, including the construction of farmland infrastructure, as well as the construction of water-saving irrigation projects, and other measures are taken to improve the efficiency of water use. At present, one cubic meter of irrigation water can produce one kilogram of grain, compared with the level of 1.2-1.4 in developed countries, there is still some room, so there is still potential to be tapped. On the other hand, if we strengthen the construction of farmland facilities, including pipe network construction, and reduce the consumption of irrigation water in the process of transport, the use of effective utilization coefficient is also very important. Therefore, the Ministry of Agriculture proposes to increase the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water to 0.55.

In terms of "two reductions", it is mainly in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In recent years, China has vigorously promoted soil testing and formula fertilization, including green prevention and control of diseases and insect pests and comprehensive prevention and control measures. In terms of fertilization, how to apply fertilizer accurately, including the research and development of new fertilizers and green means of production, through these measures, to effectively improve the utilization efficiency of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Generally speaking, the utilization rate of pesticides and chemical fertilizers is significantly higher than that in the past. The comprehensive utilization rate of chemical fertilizers is about 30%, and the utilization rates of different nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are different. Generally speaking, the utilization rate of these nutrients has been improved, and the effect of the improvement in the utilization rate of these nutrients, especially in food crops, is very obvious in recent years. It is such a level of utilization, compared with developed countries or places with a relatively high level of utilization, there is room for further improvement. In particular, the use of chemical fertilizers in China in the past few years is mainly fruit trees and vegetables, and the area of fruit trees and vegetables has expanded relatively rapidly in recent years. The amount of fertilizer applied to fruit trees and vegetables is relatively high and exceeds the safe level. In the future, we should focus on reducing these areas.

In terms of the "three fundamentals", first, in terms of the disposal of livestock and poultry manure, we should fully distribute the breeding industry through the combination of planting and breeding and the combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, and strictly carry out environmental assessment and implement the environmental assessment system and the feeding restriction system. Second, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive recycling of wastes, including through standardized breeding, clean breeding, and supporting comprehensive disposal facilities for some wastes, including the development of rural biogas projects and the development of circular agriculture, so that wastes and feces can be used more effectively. Third, the problem of crop straw is also more prominent, especially with the continuous increase of the yield of some crops, the biomass of the whole crop straw is more than 900 million tons, of which more than 800 million tons of straw can be collected. Some of the comprehensive utilization rate is only about 76%. How to effectively and comprehensively utilize these straws, including the development of fertilizers, straw returning to the field, and feed, including fuel, biogas, and so on. These are some work that needs to be strengthened in the utilization of straw crops in the future, which has a foundation, and there are also relatively successful experiences and good examples. The Ministry of Agriculture proposes to increase the comprehensive utilization rate of straw from 76% to about 85%.

In terms of agricultural film, the source is the material. Agricultural film less than 0.008 mm is widely used, and even 0.004 mm agricultural film. These agricultural films are easy to age and easily remain in the soil. This requires strengthening the construction of the entire network and system of collection and storage, and taking some effective policy measures to support and encourage storage and recycling, including strengthening some research and development, including mechanical agricultural film collection and processing. At the same time, the use of new degradable agricultural film materials should be strengthened. Through these measures, the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution can be solved according to the problem orientation.