The way of agricultural transformation: where to turn and how to turn

Behind the realization of "twelve consecutive increases" in summer grain production, China's agriculture closely revolves around the work of "stabilizing grain income and adjusting structure, improving quality and increasing efficiency". Today, grain production no longer focuses on annual output, but pays more attention to storing grain in the land and technology; the simultaneous implementation of resource utilization and environmental protection; the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and the continuous optimization of grain economy and cultivation structure--

Recently, the executive meeting of the State Council made arrangements to speed up the transformation of the mode of agricultural development and take the road of safe, efficient and green development. With the simultaneous acceleration of moderate scale operation and subject cultivation, structural adjustment and layout optimization, and the simultaneous implementation of resource utilization and environmental protection. Solid progress has been made in the transformation of agriculture across the country.

Cultivate the main body of innovative management

Like most places in the country, the agricultural management of Chongzhou, a major grain-producing county in Sichuan, is also faced with the constraints of "broken land, scattered money and lack of services". In recent years, the local agricultural co-operation system of "land joint-stock cooperatives + agricultural professional managers" has been explored. The villagers set up land cooperatives by means of land shareholding, and the cooperative council decides "what to plant", and professional managers are responsible for "how to plant". Net operating income is distributed according to 1:2:7, 10% as cooperative provident fund, 20% as professional manager commission, and 70% as member dividend. Wei Tao, 28, is a professional agricultural manager of the local Qianfeng Land Co-operative. Last year, the cooperative had a good harvest of rape and a high yield of rice, and Wei Tao earned more than 100000 yuan.

Innovating the mode of agricultural management should not only guide land accumulation, but also improve the level of agricultural socialized service. Chongzhou Jixian Agricultural Integrated Service Station undertakes several nearby townships' agricultural technology, agricultural machinery, animal husbandry and other public welfare agricultural services. The comprehensive station has also set up an agricultural service supermarket and adopted market-oriented operation. In the service hall, the cost standards of agricultural machinery operation, plant protection and labor services are clear at a glance. The Agricultural Machinery Hospital under the agricultural supermarket can provide maintenance and maintenance services for 200 large and medium-sized agricultural machinery every year.

Cheng Guoqiang, a researcher at the Development Research Center of the State Council, said that the exploration of agricultural co-operation meets the needs of the transformation of agricultural management. Instead of transferring land, it has cultivated two new types of business entities, namely, agricultural professional managers and agricultural professional service organizations. The former improves the management efficiency of agricultural decision-making, while the latter promotes the technical division of labor in agriculture and improves the production efficiency.

At the beginning of this year, Jiangsu Provincial Committee of Agriculture conducted a survey of college students' willingness to work in agriculture-related colleges and universities in the province. Statistics show that 29% of agriculture-related college students are willing to work in rural areas. How to make agricultural successors? Jiangsu Province vigorously promotes the cultivation of new professional farmers. In central and northern Jiangsu, where there are widespread part-time agriculture and pure farmers, we focus on the development of service-oriented moderate scale operation, forming a new management model represented by the co-cultivation of Sheyang County and farmland trusteeship of Suining County.

Up to now, the proportion of cultivated land transfer area in household contracted area has exceeded 30.4%, and there are more than 3.41 million peasant households with an operating area of more than 50 mu. The Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance have continuously increased their support for the new main body and implemented the new professional farmer training project and the modern young farmer plan. By the end of June, the number of farmers' cooperatives registered for industry and commerce nationwide had reached 1.412 million.

One-three linkage of planting and breeding

With the continuous increase of grain production, the structural contradictions such as quantity and quality, total quantity and structure of agricultural development in China are prominent. The variety and quality structure of agricultural products does not adapt to the rapid upgrading of household consumption, and there is a gap between the production and consumption demand of high-quality agricultural products such as beef and mutton, milk, fruits and vegetables. The combination of planting and breeding is not tight, the circulation is not smooth, the grain feeding structure is unreasonable, the matching connection between planting and aquaculture is not enough, the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary production is insufficient, and the processing level and transformation value-added rate of agricultural products are still on the low side.

The consideration of grain and forage and the combination of planting and breeding are the important contents of adjusting the agricultural structure. Ye Zhenqin, director of the Planning Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, said: according to the China Grain Development report, the proportion of China's total feed grain in total grain consumption has increased from 26% to 34%. In the future, it is difficult to ensure the effective supply of feed grain. At the same time, as China's per capita GDP enters the range of 6000 to 10000 US dollars, the consumer demand for meat, eggs and milk is even higher. Through the development of herbivorous animal husbandry, we can better meet the needs of the upgrading of food consumption structure in China.

Bei'an City, Heilongjiang Province, located in the transitional zone from Xiaoxinganling to Songnen Plain, is the main producing area of soybean, corn and other crops. Since it was identified as a pilot city for grain and bean rotation in 2015, Bei'an City has promoted the optimization and adjustment of the planting structure, and soybean planting has increased from 1/3 of the total sown area to 2/3. Tongyu County is the only animal husbandry county in Jilin Province, with 6 million mu of cultivated land and 3.5 million mu of grassland. After the Ministry of Agriculture identified it as a pilot county for changing grain to feed, the county made great efforts to solve the problem of difficult supply of high-quality forage. With the improvement of the efficiency of planting silage corn, the cattle and sheep farm is effectively connected with the silage corn base.

At the Yonghe Creative Agricultural Tourism Park in Wanchun Town, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, eye-catching purple rice sketched a group of pandas in green rice fields, attracting tourists to stop. "changing rural areas into scenic spots and pastoral parks", Chengdu strives to create rural tourist attractions with cultural heritage, holding 110 rural festivals every year, effectively promoting the integrated development of the primary and tertiary industries.

Pure Land for Water Saving, Drug Control and pollution Control

China has made great achievements in agricultural development, but it has also paid a great price. On the one hand, agricultural resources are overexploited, the multiple cropping index is high, and the strings of resources are getting tighter and tighter; on the other hand, agricultural non-point source pollution is aggravated, agro-ecosystem is degraded, and the agro-ecological environment gives a "red light". An important focus of changing the mode of agricultural development is the sustainability of the ecological environment. Not long ago, the Ministry of Agriculture took the lead in issuing the National Plan for Sustainable Agricultural Development, which clearly put forward the goal of "one control, two reductions and three basics."

The proportion of agricultural water consumption in the total water consumption of the whole society has dropped from 69.3% in 1998 to 63.4% in 2013. In the same period, China's grain, cotton, oil and fructose have increased significantly. This is mainly due to the improvement of agricultural water use efficiency. Han Changfu, minister of agriculture, believes that the fundamental way to save water is to vigorously develop water-saving agriculture, carry out water-saving agricultural demonstration in different regions, improve field water-saving facilities and equipment, and actively promote water-saving varieties and water-saving technologies. We will implement the strictest water resources management system and establish a red line for water resources development and utilization control and water use efficiency control.

In recent years, the total amount of livestock and poultry farming in China has been increasing, and the country produces 3.8 billion tons of livestock and poultry manure every year, with an effective treatment rate of less than 50%. Wang Zhicai, chief animal pastor of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that it is necessary to comprehensively consider the environmental carrying capacity and the requirements for the prevention and control of pollution from livestock and poultry farming, promote the return of organic manure to the fields, and vigorously promote standardized large-scale farming. We will support the construction of livestock and poultry manure treatment facilities in large-scale breeding farms (areas), and explore the third-party treatment and comprehensive utilization mechanism of large-scale breeding manure.

In recent years, the use of pesticides in China is about 310000 tons (active ingredient), and the utilization rate is only 35%. "the ineffective insecticidal effect of low-toxic biological pesticides, coupled with factors such as farmers' production habits, make it difficult to popularize low-toxic biological pesticides." Zeng Yande, director of the planting Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, said: it is necessary to strengthen green prevention and control efforts, integrate and promote the whole-process pesticide reduction and control technology model suitable for different crops according to local conditions, and develop a number of well-equipped and efficient professional pest prevention and control service organizations.