Attention should be paid to the germination of orchids

First, to let orchids sprout well is the common wish of orchids. The author will temporarily throw a brick to attract jade and talk about some personal experience in order to communicate with orchid friends.

(1) Sunshine. Sufficient light is the first condition for orchid germination. Orchids without light not only sprout slowly, but also the new buds are thin, delicate and easy to get diseases. The way to create light conditions, first, the shade of the orchid garden must be moderate, and the other is to enhance the light of orchids at appropriate stages, commonly known as basins. Specific operation can be after the Spring Festival, when the temperature warms up, begin to accept more sunlight. Before the end of March, the temperature below 20 ℃ can take full sunshine. After that, Chunlan covers a shade net above 20 ℃, covers two layers of shade net above 30 ℃, cymbidium can accept all-day sunshine before the end of May, covers one layer of shade net above 30 ℃, and covers two layers of shade net above 35 ℃. Adjust the shade degree according to the season and temperature throughout the year, so that the orchid receives the light to the maximum extent and restores its vitality.

(2) temperature. The most suitable temperature for orchid growth is from 20 ℃ to 25 ℃. The orchid grows slowly below 8 ℃ and above 30 ℃. Therefore, if we want orchids to sprout and grow healthily, we should try to avoid or shorten the space and time that are not conducive to the growth temperature of orchid seedlings. Conditional glass greenhouses can be built, air conditioners or water curtains can be used to adjust the room temperature, to create a small environment for orchids to avoid summer and cold. If there are no conditions, we can also take measures such as heating up in plastic film greenhouses, watering or sprinkling water on the ground of orchids, cooling fans in the field, and so on.

If the appropriate temperature can be maintained, the new buds of the orchid will grow normally in the four seasons, and the new seedlings of the year can sprout again in autumn and grow into big seedlings in the same year.

(3) moisture (humidity). Orchids have pseudobulbs to store water and are drought-tolerant plants, but water is also very important for its growth. In the germination period of orchids, it is more necessary to provide sufficient and not excessive water in time to facilitate the growth of new buds. Many people who raise orchids wait for the pot soil to be watered only when their hair is white and hard, which is harmful and useless to the germination of orchids. The author believes that in order to master moderation, it is best to grasp the micro-tide of the basin soil, dry and moist, and timely watering before it is dry. at the same time, the moisture in the air of the orchid nursery should be increased properly. during the orchid growing period, the relative humidity of the air is 60% to 75%. The relative humidity of the small environment can be increased by spraying water, and the effect is better if it can be equipped with an automatic electric humidifier.

The principle of watering orchids is: more watering in growing period, less watering in dormant period; more watering of thin leaves and less watering of thick leaves; more watering of prosperous leaves and less watering of weak ones. In general, it should be noted that during the germination period, the basin soil must be kept moist to avoid the orchid basin being too dry.

(4) ventilation. Fresh air is very important for the healthy growth of orchids. Not only the orchid room should pay attention to air circulation, but also the basin soil should maintain good air permeability. It is better to cultivate orchids with granular orchid soil, such as fairy soil, broken bricks, weathered rock and so on. It is more conducive to orchid germination.

(5) fertilization. Orchids should be fully fertilized in late autumn. Topdressing should be applied in early spring. Before sprouting, proper use of budding hormone can promote the high germination rate of orchids. Commonly used preparations are oxytocin, Xidolan, Shoushangshang, Huabao, blue fungus king, etc., according to the instructions can be used. Many orchid friends reported that full dilution was used to spray leaves in the first half of the year, and topsoil was buried with Zhixiang granules in the second half of the year, which can not only make the blue buds more, but also make the orchid seedlings thrive. The management of lotus petal orchid has strong adaptability, and they can withstand the scorching sun and resist frost and snow, which is one of its major characteristics. The second characteristic is strong disease resistance and high germination rate (generally 70%-80%). Third, fine-leaf hard grass, large flowers, long florescence; fourth, different flower shapes, delicate fragrance.

Orchids need a wet, ventilated natural environment. After falling down the mountain, people built an orchid garden for it to grow. Large-scale cultivation must build a steamed bread-shaped greenhouse, covered with a black shade net with 60% shading and 80% shading, and then equipped with a movable plastic greenhouse to prevent frost, snow and rain. The courtyard is cultivated in different seasons for indoor maintenance.

The placement of orchid pots is better by laying platform, erection and hanging. In addition to the wooden frame, it includes aluminum frame, steel frame, angle iron frame and so on. The greenhouse needs three links (road access, water access, Diantong), leaving pedestrian passageways everywhere to facilitate the management of each pot of orchids. There is also a sidewalk on one side of the foot of the wall, that is, ventilation on four sides. Shuitong can be sprayed and irrigated automatically. Although there is a running trough on the ground, there is an orchid rack on it. Diantong can illuminate or kill insects at night, and a ultraviolet sterilization lamp can be installed. The preparation of culture soil can be determined according to the specific situation. My soil ratio is: 60% humus, 30% raw red soil, and then mixed; 10% fine river sand. But all should be disinfected (including orchid basin, soil shovel, lining, basin cover, etc.).

The pelvic floor should be fitted with 1 stroke and 3 liners, which must be loose. It is best to use millet bark to stand upright and installed on the side, with one or two layers of oak on top, so as not to let the culture soil block the space between the cushions. Where there are no above conditions, the backing can be replaced by plastic foam and broken tiles. After the orchid root is straightened out and planted in the center of the basin, the left hand straightens the orchid bundle and fills the assembled culture soil around it. Then, lift the tit root to see if the filled soil is loose. Finally, the basin cover cover (water moss, etc.), you can enter the normal management.

2. Propagation and cultivation techniques of Cymbidium

(1) Reproduction

The main results are as follows: 1. The orchid pot with rough texture, no upper axis, porous edge and bottom and basin foot is better for the selection of basin tools. Thin plastic soft basin is the most economical in mass production. Exhibited orchids are displayed in small pots with high simplicity so that they can be put into elegant pots for display.

2. The deployment of plant materials should choose loose aggregates with good texture, rich organic matter, good air permeability and strong drainage, which is conducive to aerobic microbial activities, and the following mixed plants can be used to enhance the symbiosis of orchids: humus soil 40%. Burning soil 40%, coarse sand 20%; Lentinus edodes soil 30%, burning soil 30%, coarse sand 25%, grain bran 15%; humus 40%, coarse sand 40%, grain bran 20%.

3. Planting of orchid plants

The main results are as follows: (1) after the seedlings were treated with orchid plants, the sediment on the roots was washed, the leafless pseudobulbs were removed, and the diseased leaves and rotten roots were cut off. Before planting, soak the seedlings with topiramate or 2000 times dilution for half an hour, then rinse with clean water, put in a ventilated place, cool and dry to be planted.

(2) only 1-2 clumps of plants can be planted in the middle of the pot, and those with multiple clusters should face the old plants in the pot and the new plants towards the edge of the basin, so as to improve the germination rate and growth space of the new plants. When planting, put the thickest plant material into the basin up to 15% of the basin height. After placing the orchid plant, distribute the root group evenly, beware of the damage to the orchid root, slowly fill in the fine plant material up to 95% of the basin height, shake, so that the fine plant material is closely combined with the orchid root, and the height of the fine plant material in the orchid basin is about 90%, so that the orchid plant base (pseudo-bulb) is semi-exposed to the basin surface, so that it has a better chance of obtaining natural light and fresh air.

(2) maintenance and management

1. Controlling light and cooling Jianlan growth is suitable for the annual average temperature between 15-23 ℃, the summer temperature is hot, and 70-80% plastic shading net is used to cool down.

2. High temperature promotes the drop of high temperature caused by excessive light, we should increase the level and density of shade to promote cooling; in summer and autumn, there are strong light, muggy air and high temperature, so we should open doors and windows to let the orchid field air convection thoroughly and promote cooling. Sprinkle water to the passageway and orchid shelf, and spray water to the indoor space, which can also promote cooling.

3. Moisturizing and ventilation in the orchid field should be regulated to the most reasonable state for the growth of orchids. To maintain air humidity, an advanced automatic humidifier can also spray water mist into the space, passageway and orchid frame. The maintenance of substrate humidity should be regulated according to light, humidity, ventilation and other conditions. Those cultivated in soil should be watered once every 2-4 days, insisting that they would rather be dry than wet, and the time limit for watering should be adjusted to local conditions. Wild orchids are native to mountains and valleys, and their producing areas are open on all sides, but they are shaded by trees and grass, sometimes with gentle winds, and can grow in an environment with fresh air for a long time. Therefore, the orchid farm also needs to create these orchid growth conditions, and the orchid field should open more doors and windows to promote air convection.

4. Thermal insulation and anti-freezing construction orchid can only withstand temporary and intermittent low temperature of-2 to-5 ℃ under the protective condition of shielding wind and frost. therefore, it should be kept warm in the greenhouse in winter, and heating equipment can be adopted if possible.

5. Fertilization should be taken according to the blue conditions, depending on the seedling, light rather than thick, timely and thin application. That is, according to the orchid species, seedling potential, physiological characteristics, grasp the opportunity. Dry fertilizer: beef bone powder (4% nitrogen, 22.06% phosphorus), plant ash (1.04% phosphorus, 6.41% potassium), cake fertilizer (7% nitrogen, 1.32% phosphorus, 2.12% potassium) and fire-fired soil mixed fertilizer are used alternately with compound fertilizer not less than 4 times a year. Liquid fertilizer uses rotten organic matter fertilizer to filter dilute solution, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or special flower fertilizer alternately as topdressing or extra-root fertilization, generally every 15 days, spraying leaves with clear water before and after spraying outside the root, flushing dust and liquid residue.

The time for fertilization is as follows:

① sprouting fertilizer (late spring and early summer): dry fertilizer once to twice, extra-root fertilization once every 10 days, mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, promote the emergence of aboveground stems and leaves, underground root expansion.

② development fertilizer (late summer and early autumn): new bud leaves elongate to promote new buds to be strong, mainly nitrogen, frequently applied thinly, potassium is mainly used to promote strong seedlings after the opening of new buds, and potassium dinitrogen phosphate is sprayed once a week.

③ to promote flower fertilizer: when the new shoot leaves no longer grow, it will be transferred to the flower bud differentiation stage, mainly phosphorus, dry fertilizer twice, extra-root fertilization once a week.

④ in late autumn and early winter, orchids from Cold Dew to the Beginning of Winter will turn to dormancy, dry fertilizer once, liquid fertilizer twice, foliar spraying once every 10 days, to ensure safe overwintering, containing paste to show, and improve the germination rate in the coming spring.