Insert the "wings" of science and technology into agriculture

Editor's note: as the first driving factor to ensure China's food security and sustained agricultural growth, the contribution rate of science and technology to agricultural growth has reached 55.2%. How can we give better play to the role of science and technology and give agriculture "wings"? In 2012, the Ministry of Agriculture launched and implemented the National Plan for Building capacity conditions for Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation (2013-2016). With the strong support of the National Development and Reform Commission, the central government has invested a total of 3.43 billion yuan during the 12th five-year Plan period to support the construction of 14 national agricultural science and technology innovation platforms and 28 subject groups of key laboratories (stations) of the Ministry of Agriculture. Based on the actual needs of agricultural scientific research institutions at the central, provincial and municipal levels, this paper makes an overall design and systematic deployment of the layout, construction content, project management and operation mechanism of the capacity and conditions for agricultural scientific and technological innovation in China. It has promoted the scientific research units to work together to tackle key problems, jointly build and share, and formed a benign operation mechanism of functional convergence and mutual support.

Agro-environmental subject group:

Establish an environmental Internet of things data center

The agro-environmental science group consists of 1 comprehensive key laboratory, 2 professional key laboratories, 4 regional key laboratories, 23 agricultural environmental scientific observation experimental stations, 2 regional laboratories and 7 scientific observation experimental stations. Focus on climate change and agriculture, agrometeorological disaster reduction and prevention, agro-non-point source pollution prevention, environmental protection, biodiversity utilization and agro-environmental management theory to carry out basic and applied basic research.

In view of the scientific problems in the field of agricultural environment and the major needs of modern agricultural development, the discipline group focuses on the construction of discipline system, basic conditions, talent team, operating mechanism, innovation culture, etc., organize the collaborative innovation of the commonness of the discipline and major key technologies in the region, and carry out long-term scientific observation, scientific experiments and technological demonstrations to lead the scientific and technological progress of the agricultural environment and support the development of modern agriculture.

Since the agricultural environment discipline group was identified as the pilot subject group of the laboratory condition capacity building project of the Ministry of Agriculture in 2012, through three years of construction, the laboratories and experimental stations of the subject group have made significant improvements in basic conditions, system construction and mechanism construction. a number of technologies and equipment have been widely used in the development of agricultural environment, and the social and environmental benefits are significant. At present, it has formed a division of labor and cooperation mechanism, academic exchange mechanism, resource sharing mechanism, comprehensive laboratory leading management mechanism, dynamic assessment mechanism.

The subject group actively promotes the construction of the Internet of things in the agricultural environment. The "real-time perception-stable transmission-centralized decision management" system based on the data center of the Internet of things for agricultural environment monitoring provides scientific data and technical support for long-term scientific experiments and technical demonstration, and provides scientific data and technical support for dealing with the occurrence law and regulation of agrometeorological disasters. Studies on environmental evolution in agricultural producing areas, monitoring and early warning of agricultural pollution, control of agricultural non-point source pollution and restoration of degraded agro-ecosystems provide first-hand emergency early warning plans and material conditions for technological innovation, which will help to improve the ability of agriculture to cope with global climate change and agricultural output, enhance the ability of agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation, and improve the environmental quality of our country. Through this system, researchers and decision-making management departments in the field of environmental disciplines can not only grasp the national agricultural environmental monitoring data and information, discipline research progress and research results in real time, but also make scientific analysis and decision management in time.

Animal Nutrition and Feed Science subject Group:

Create a technical system for healthy breeding of livestock and poultry

The subject group of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science consists of 1 comprehensive key laboratory, 10 professional (regional) key laboratories, 2 enterprise key laboratories and 9 agricultural environment scientific observation and experimental stations.

In the aspect of discipline group construction, through the implementation of 14 projects, the fixed assets increased by 85.52 million yuan, which improved and enhanced the research ability of key laboratories and the ability of field observation and data analysis of each experimental station. it promoted the interactive integration of animal physiology, metabolic biochemistry, animal nutrition, feed science, grass science, breeding technology and other disciplines, and promoted the expansion of the connotation and extension of animal nutrition and feed discipline. Promote the innovation of livestock and poultry aquatic nutrition discipline in China, and enhance the ability of animal nutrition discipline to support the sustainable development of aquaculture. At the same time, a number of scientific and technological achievements have been made in the development and efficient utilization of feed resources and new additives, high-quality and safe production of livestock and poultry aquatic products, and healthy breeding technology for energy saving and emission reduction, and 40 outstanding talents such as Youqing have been trained. a series of high-level papers have been published to support the technological upgrading of China's modern aquaculture industry and achieve sustainable development.

Since the 12th five-year Plan The key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Group in the regulation and control technology of nutritious feed for healthy breeding of piglets, nutrition regulation and efficient utilization of feed for healthy breeding of broilers, nutrition regulation and standardized feeding of dairy cows for high quality milk production, cultivation and breeding technology of new breeds of Beijing duck, systematic nutrition technology for healthy breeding of Jian carp, efficient utilization and accurate feeding technology of dairy cow feed, Major breakthroughs have been made in key technologies for healthy breeding of livestock and poultry, such as feed enzyme technology system. Research and formation of livestock and poultry healthy breeding technology a series of new technologies, new theories and new methods, leading the continuous upgrading and development of the industry.

In terms of promoting agricultural development, it has promoted scientific research in the fields of livestock and poultry nutrition metabolism and nutritional needs, nutrition and health, nutrition and livestock product quality and safety, feed nutritional value evaluation methods and database establishment, nutrition and environment, etc. through the vertical collaborative innovation model of basic frontier research, common technology research and development of major products Combined with doctoral workstations and research centers to strengthen cooperation, achievement demonstration and transformation with enterprises, remarkable progress has been made in the new industrial breeding model and technological equipment of livestock and poultry, the emission reduction of pollutants in livestock and poultry breeding and the recycling of waste resources, the quality inspection and safety evaluation technology of livestock and poultry products, the process control technology of healthy breeding of livestock and poultry, and the traceability technology of livestock and poultry product quality.

Agricultural products processing subject group:

The achievement is realized and the income is increased by 10 million yuan.

The discipline group of agricultural products processing includes one comprehensive key laboratory and six professional key laboratories. There are five key research directions under the subject group, which are agricultural product processing quality and control, agricultural product preservation and logistics, agricultural product processing hazard control, agricultural product nutrition and function and agricultural product processing equipment.

At present, some of the achievements have become real products. For example, the comprehensive laboratory of agricultural products processing has developed a series of potato staple food products by using self-designed integrated equipment for the industrialization of traditional staple food. the first generation of potato steamed bread was put on the market in many supermarkets in Beijing on June 1. won the praise of consumers.

The key technologies and equipment for high-value utilization of peanut oil and cake protein by low temperature pressing have been transformed and applied in 9 enterprises. the cumulative sales income in 3 years is 14.85 billion yuan and the profit is 800 million yuan.

The research and application results of variable temperature and pressure differential expansion combined drying technology of fruits and vegetables have been applied industrially in 8 enterprises. in the past five years, the enterprises have increased their sales income by more than 300 million yuan and increased profits by more than 62 million yuan. drive more than 10,000 fruit and vegetable farmers to achieve processing value-added.

The achievements of R & D and application of key technologies for improving the quality of fresh mutton have pioneered mutton classification and segmentation techniques and devices suitable for mutton sheep breeds, consumption characteristics and processing methods in China. Popularized and applied in the leading processing enterprises in Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and other major mutton sheep producing areas, the profit increased by 1.096 billion yuan, driving 20, 000 farmers and herdsmen to raise mutton sheep and increasing the income of farmers and herdsmen by about 2.5 billion yuan.

The research and development of a number of common core technologies based on the cold chain circulation of fruits and vegetables mainly take the whole-process automatic accurate temperature control (ice temperature) as the core method, and adopt the model of "ice temperature fresh-keeping cold chain + MA+ pollution-free fresh-keeping agent" for demonstration and application in many fruit and vegetable producing areas in China, so that the decay rate of fruits and vegetables is reduced to 5%, and the added value is increased by 50% to 200%.

Faculty of Agricultural Engineering:

Make facility agriculture more efficient and intelligent

The facility agricultural engineering subject group consists of one comprehensive key laboratory, four professional (regional) laboratories and three scientific observation experimental stations. The subject group focuses on studying and solving the common technologies and regional key technological problems in the field of facility aquaculture and facility planting, so as to provide scientific and technological innovation achievements for the development of modern agricultural industry. we should gather and train a number of high-level scientific and technological innovation talents in the field of facility agricultural engineering, build a comprehensive platform for talent training, scientific research and technology popularization in facility agriculture, and enhance the scientific and technological innovation capability of facility agriculture industry as a whole.

Since the establishment of the discipline group, systematic innovations have been made in the basic theories and methods, key technologies and equipment of facility agriculture. scientific research achievements have been formed, such as welfare and healthy breeding of livestock and poultry, harmless disinfection and environmental purification of slightly acidic electrolytic water, structure and construction technology of non-cultivated greenhouse, energy saving and environmental regulation of solar greenhouse, clean development mechanism of biogas treatment of livestock and poultry manure, energy of facility agricultural waste and so on.

At present, the scale of facility agriculture industry in China is very large, but the overall technical level is still low. Through the construction of subject groups, a number of breakthrough agricultural technologies, new materials and new equipment have been formed in healthy livestock and poultry breeding, plant factories, solar greenhouse, waste disposal, biomass energy and other aspects; through system integration and comprehensive application, it has significantly improved the technical level of healthy and efficient production of solar greenhouse facilities and facilities with Chinese characteristics.

Through the construction of subject groups, we actively give full play to the role of regional key laboratories and experimental stations, and explore the advantages, characteristics and differences of different regional conditions and development stages in China. We have separately formulated the development strategies of advanced facility agricultural production mode and technology, urban facility agricultural industry and non-arable land facility agriculture in advantageous resource areas. The construction of regional characteristics of superior products, characteristic facility agricultural production mode, technology and equipment, etc., to promote the sustained and healthy development of the industry.