How to raise Orchid-- A Collection of experience (2)

III. Environment

Bluegrass culture is a systematic project, and the orchid cultivation site is the foundation of the system, which plays a very important role. And most of the orchid cultivation sites of orchid friends are adapted to local conditions, setting aside places for orchid cultivation in their own balconies and indoors. Compared with the places where orchid grass grows on the mountain, the balcony and indoor orchid cultivation sites generally have no earth atmosphere and dew, high temperature and low humidity at night. Due to different regions and locations, the same balcony and indoor orchid sites are also different, some are sunny, some are Shaoyang, some are windy, some are windy, and so on. Once the orchid cultivation site is selected, we must clearly understand the shortcomings of our orchid cultivation site, and only by facing up to the shortcomings can we remedy and change them through orchid pots, planting materials, management methods and so on. The orchid cultivation site should be kept clean.

The growth of all things depends on the sun. Although bluegrass is a negative plant, it also likes sunshine, which can not only provide bluegrass nutrients, but also sterilize and sterilize, which is an important factor in strong grass. If conditions permit, bask in as much sunshine as possible. The bluegrass raised under sufficient sunlight is short, thick, yellowish, healthy and strong. Its grass blossoms have thick petals, fine texture and bright colors. When people feel hot or uncomfortable in the sun, they can shade the sun.

Temperature is an important factor affecting the growth of bluegrass. Bluegrass grows slowly at low temperature, and the lower the temperature is, the slower it grows until it enters a dormant state. When the temperature is suitable for the growth of bluegrass, bluegrass begins to grow, and the higher the temperature, the more exuberant the growth. It grows slowly at high temperature, and the higher the temperature, the slower it grows until it enters a dormant state. Most of the natural growth or cultured bluegrass is in the slow growth period, and the time of vigorous growth is less. In low temperature period and high temperature period, the temperature suitable for temperature period is not fixed, but varies with the characteristics and strength of bluegrass. Bluegrass grows under the changing temperature, and the changing temperature produces the temperature difference, which is an important factor affecting the strength of bluegrass. The growth of bluegrass is related to temperature, and the consumption of bluegrass is also related to temperature. The higher the temperature, the greater the consumption. For bluegrass to be strong, the most simple and effective way to reduce the consumption of bluegrass while increasing nutrient supply is to reduce the temperature at night and widen the temperature difference. Closed balcony and indoor night temperature is generally on the high side, high temperature should pay special attention to reduce the night temperature, widen the temperature difference. People's way of health pay attention to spring cover autumn freeze, in fact, bluegrass is also the same, but also spring cover autumn freeze, so that bluegrass has a process to adapt to temperature changes, enhance the resistance of bluegrass, spring can not come out of the truth also lies in this. The resistance of bluegrass to high temperature and low temperature is related to the strength and temperature difference of bluegrass. The stronger the bluegrass is, the better its resistance is. The greater the temperature difference, the better the resistance of bluegrass.

Humidity bluegrass can grow normally in different humidity environment, and its requirement for humidity is loose and random. Humidity varies with temperature and ventilation. High temperature and strong ventilation lead to low humidity. Humidity in the natural environment in the south of the Yangtze River can meet the growth needs of bluegrass, there is no need to pay more attention to humidity, we need to pay attention to one point, not high temperature and humidity. If you want to humidify, it is best to choose to carry out at night, not only simulate nature, but also reduce the temperature and increase the temperature difference.

Ventilation the ancients paid great attention to ventilation, saying that ventilation was the first essence of raising orchids. Ventilation plays an important role in regulating dry and wet, temperature and nutrient exchange in bluegrass culture. Ventilation is divided into basin ventilation and environmental ventilation. The ventilation in the basin is mainly to select the orchid basin and plant materials, and to manage when the orchid basin is not always wet and dry. Environmental ventilation is mainly the use of natural wind, as much as possible to open doors and windows, set temperature difference, let air convection, the use of fans and so on. The strong wind and cold wind in the natural wind should be avoided.

Put in the same site, because of the different location, the sunshine, temperature, humidity, ventilation and so on are also different. it is necessary to choose the appropriate location according to the persistence of bluegrass and the dry temperature of orchid basin, which is not only in line with the characteristics of bluegrass, but also can be unified in management. After the orchid basin is put on the shelf, it is not suitable to change the position and change the direction frequently. Do not let the sun shine directly into the basin when it is hot.

The environment is cool, humid and breezy. Orchids must be shaded, or placed in the shade of trees, or shaded by sunshade nets. The number of layers used in the sunshade net varies with orchid species, region and season. It is better to use a black sunshade net to absorb heat than a silver one. In short, if people are comfortable in it, orchids are comfortable. Jianlan prefers light, while ink orchid prefers yin. In general, Lanshu emphasizes ventilation. I think it should be a breeze. Orchids avoid strong winds blowing directly, especially dry strong winds, otherwise it is easy to cause orchid leaves to dehydrate and form black spots; orchids like the air to flow slightly, orchid leaves are brushed gently, and orchids are called "ventilated and unventilated". Therefore, the sunshade net around the orchid shed should fall to the ground, and a double sunshade net should be used below 1.5 meters from the ground, which can filter the strong wind on the one hand and maintain a certain air humidity on the other hand. Orchids like fresh and unpolluted air, and orchids should be kept away from roads, oil fumes and dust. The orchid pot frame is 40-60 cm high, the air is too high and dry, and it is too low to be ventilated. Take a balance. The suitable air humidity for raising orchids is 50% 80%. The humidity of raising orchids on family balconies is not enough. You can place water-absorbing substances on the ground, such as red bricks, sponges, etc., and sprinkle water to the ground regularly, or add a sink, but the water in the sink should be changed frequently, otherwise it will breed bacteria and mosquitoes, and some flowers and trees with strong transpiration will be planted around, such as Yuanbao tree, green pineapple, sunflower and so on. Do not spray water on the orchid leaves, especially in sunny and hot days, if this will undoubtedly provide hotbeds for germs and pests, there will be a price to pay.

To solve the contradiction between ventilation and humidity, ventilation and humidity: space ventilation and humidity, air permeability in the basin and plant humidity, which are two problems of large environment and small environment. How to deal with the two problems of big environment and small environment properly, this is the interest and key of orchid cultivation, this is the riddle of orchid cultivation! Who is more important, ventilation or humidity? Both are important, and the two are inseparable. However, if the humidity is between 80 and 90, ventilation is extremely important. If the humidity is between 40 and 50 or below 40, humidification is extremely important. The so-called ventilation, does not refer to the strong wind, but refers to ventilation, that is, the plant in the basin should be breathable, indoor breeze, often change fresh air, do not cover the air. "ventilation should be placed first": it should be accurately said that the problem of ventilation first can be considered when the humidity reaches 60-80, and humidification should be considered if it is less than 50. Of course, all kinds of orchids have different requirements for humidity, such as Cymbidium, the humidity can be relatively low, between 50, while the humidity of ink orchids should be higher, between 80. Of course, there is also a difference between pots and plant materials, such as cymbidium can use tile pots and sweating pots, because of air permeability, while ink orchids can use plastic pots and purple sand pots for moisturizing. In dealing with problems and contradictions, fundamentalism and dogmatism must not be considered comprehensively, and which aspect should not be emphasized separately, whether it is ventilation, humidity, fertilization, medication, light, potted equipment and planting materials, should be comprehensively considered. as long as the cultivation environment is "quiet" is the best.

Closed balcony in hot season. Ventilation should be moderate, and natural ventilation is the best. Hot and muggy is the enemy of raising orchids. Therefore, the high temperature season closed balcony orchid ventilation is very important. Closed balconies generally have push-pull aluminum alloy glass windows that can be freely switched, which can be used to control convection and form natural ventilation. The sun is shining high in summer, the heat wave hits people, the opening of the sliding window during the day can not be too large, it is generally appropriate to take advantage of the temperature difference between the balcony and the window to form natural convection, the breeze gently blowing, the orchid leaves swaying, just right. If the window is opened too wide, the temperature difference is too small, the shape is not convective, but not well ventilated. Practice has proved that closed balconies can be opened by sliding windows to form natural convection, generally without electric fans, it is better to have natural ventilation. Humidity should be moderate, do not be too wet and too dry. Rapid evaporation in summer and low humidity in sunny weather are the bottlenecks of orchid cultivation on the balcony. Efforts must be made to create a small environment suitable for orchid growth. According to my experience, using the sink to humidify the air in summer is a good way to improve the air humidity. The sink had better be set up with the orchid rack, and each layer of the orchid rack should be set up with a sink depth of 20-30 cm, filled with water, covered with steel wire mesh, and the orchid basin sitting on it, which not only increases the air humidity, but also has a certain cooling effect. Kill two birds with one stone. Combined with ground water spraying, the humidity of the balcony can reach about 40% during the day, which can basically meet the humidity requirements of orchids. Humidity is not the higher the better, especially in summer, high humidity is the source of all diseases of orchids, orchid friends should learn from it.

Avoid warm and humid airflow in a small environment. Because the balcony Xiaolan chamber plant orchid has a smaller wind direction, there is no warm and wet air flow phenomenon, but now the larger area of the sunshine room uses a wall-mounted fan, and the formation of the warm and wet air belt in the small environment is caused by the unscientific configuration of our air supply system. once there are several different directions of air duct crisscross to form an unreasonable situation, it will lead to the formation of warm and wet air belt. After each flood drenched the orchid, we turned on the fan and thought that the stagnant water of the orchid bud would dry quickly, but in fact, the orchid growing in the warm and wet air zone was difficult to dry because of the characteristics of physical water vapor operation. It is generally not easy for us to find it with the naked eye when there is a small amount of water. At this time, it will cause the best breeding hotbed for harmful bacteria and eventually lead to frequent disease in this zone. Visited a number of Zhejiang Lanyou, visited their orchid indoor configuration, the use of integrated control system aside, but the configuration of the wind system is really unique, such as the blue leaf high orchid rack in the middle of the installation of two exhaust fans 3-5 meters apart in a row, distant view in rows facing the same breeze. At the same time, under the suction and discharge of the inlet and exhaust fans embedded on both walls, it is not surprising that the orchids in the orchid room are always in the fresh air, and the flowers and leaves thrive. Regular air intake and exhaust is the need to ensure that orchids change into fresh air, and promote transpiration metabolism is reasonable, so that orchids grow lush, this is undoubtedly a very excellent design. Therefore, the fan layout is not the more the better, but to take advantage of the trend in one direction.

Fourth, watering

How to water correctly

The veteran of Yanglan said: "watering for three years", that is to say, to water orchids correctly, it takes three years to get the hang of it. Why is watering so difficult? the most important reason is that the climate change is different every year, the environment of the orchid garden is different (on the mountain, under the mountain or greenhouse, balcony and with or without humidification. . ), placement location (different light and ventilation in each place of the same orchid garden, which affects the drying time of each pot of orchids is different) the size of the basin (the big one dries slowly, the small one dries quickly, and the watering time varies) different plant materials (different plant materials have different water absorption, so the watering method is different. For example, planting large grains of gold stone may have to be watered every 10 minutes, each time for five seconds, and five times in a row. The pot is wet enough, while other mixed materials may be wet enough for twice) the condition of orchid plants (orchids are more drought-tolerant and dry and re-watered, old men and young seedlings or individual plants should be watered when they are about to dry) and orchid species (see orchid roots, the thicker and bigger the more drought-resistant, it can be rewatered a little bit. The roots are small and intolerant to drought, and they all affect the watering time. Therefore, watering does not necessarily depend on the accumulation of personal experience, but there are still some immutable principles as follows:

(1) No dry and no watering: the roots of orchids are fat and thick, and the storage is quite moisture, so they are basically drought-resistant, so watering should be "dry and wet", that is, they should be very dry when they are dry, and they should be very wet when they are watered. They are most afraid of being half-wet and half-dry or not dry for a long time. Langen is a bit like a balloon. If it is full and then deflated, it can be blown many times, but if it is full and not deflated, there will be no elasticity after a week. The balloon also lost its original function, so the orchids will rot, most of which are caused by too wet and poor ventilation in the basin, so if the basin is not dry and the leaves are not slightly drooping, they do not need to be watered.

(2) "cool": when watering, choose cool weather with a slightly windy temperature of 28 °- 20 °. In summer, 28 °may be after 10 o'clock in the evening, and 20 °in winter will become 12:00 at noon (the lower the temperature, the warmer the watering). So you can water below 22 °when there is sunshine (when it is watered at low temperature, Langen grows better). Above 22 °, choose cloudy day, dusk or night watering (the higher the temperature, the later the watering).

(3) the ideal watering time: 1. When it comes out of the sun, or when the temperature of the shed is above 23 degrees Celsius, it is best to water it from seven to nine in the evening, that is, the higher the temperature, the later the watering. two。 On cold days, or when the temperature in the shed is below 18 degrees Celsius, it is best to water between 11:00 and 3 p.m., but in cloudy, rainy and cloudy weather, sometimes the temperature is above 25 degrees Celsius, that is, the lower the temperature, the earlier the watering. However, it should be noted that if the sun is strong and the temperature is low, you can rest assured to water it, because the quality of Langen is related to the temperature and sunshine.

(4) learn from nature: when orchids need water and when they do not need water, the most important thing is that if orchids sprout, then the growth period will come. we see that plants absorb a lot of water in the next month of the plum rain season, so they grow rapidly. as for summer and winter, it is too hot and cold for orchids to grow dormant, so orchid pots should be watered when they are dry, and moisture evaporates quickly in summer because of the hot climate. So water the orchid when it is dry, otherwise, the orchid will die of dehydration, and the temperature is low in winter. If there is no sun or wind, even if it is not watered for a month, the orchid will not be affected. Therefore, if the orchid is often watered at a low temperature and without sunlight, the orchid will rot its roots easily. As for autumn, the orchid knot and prepare for flowering, so it is necessary to adopt a slightly dry watering method, that is, the orchid basin will dry for one or two days before watering, so watering is controlled. The most important thing is to see that the orchid is growing, flowering, and dormant to determine the dry and humidity of the orchid basin, so it is necessary to learn from nature and look at the farmer's calendar to decide how to water the orchid. (if the material in the basin is too fine, it should not be caught in the rain, otherwise the root will rot.)