The culture method of cold orchid

It is very difficult to introduce a culture method suitable for cold orchids all over the country. since ancient times, the cultivation and management methods have been introduced, and there is little talk about cold orchids alone. The author has some experience in the cultivation of cold orchids for many years, and has explored some cultivation and management methods. Throwing bricks to attract jade here may not be completely applicable to all places.

In general, in order to manage the cultivation of cold orchid well, we must meet the growth conditions needed by cold orchid, and create conditions suitable for the growth and development of cold orchid in cultivation.

Cold orchid grows in deep mountain forests, and its requirements for temperature, humidity, moisture, light and ventilation are somewhat different from other orchid species. Cold orchid grows in deep mountains, although it faces frost or short-term snow in winter and is in high temperature and heat in summer, but the green shade in the mixed forest of broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest or bamboo forest not only blocks the hot sun in summer, but also blocks the cold wind in winter, in the snow-covered land. Snow plays a protective role, and the ground temperature under the snow is generally not below zero, so Han Lan chooses deep mountain forests that are warm in winter and cool in summer to survive.

1. How to adjust the temperature of cultivated cold orchids

The main purpose of temperature regulation is to prevent frostbite of orchid root in winter and leaves in summer, so that cold orchid can grow normally and blossom. Adjusting the temperature can also prolong the flowering period, and the temperature has an obvious effect on the flowering period. The flowering period of potted cold orchids is about 20 days earlier than that in the wild in mountainous areas, and flowering is related to the air temperature. In addition, the temperature has a great relationship with the fragrance of cold orchids. The fragrance of flowering is poor when the temperature is high, and the fragrance is often long when the temperature is low. In orchid shed, humidification and cooling should be considered to adjust the temperature in orchid shed. The orchid shed built on the ground can also plant trees or lianas in or next to the orchid shed to adjust the temperature and create cold orchid growth conditions. Tree planting is a good way. Shade can cover the sun and reduce the radiant heat of the big sun. under the shade, it can cover more than 90% of the light, and the shade can naturally adjust the light and ground temperature. If the orchid shed is on the high-altitude balcony, frequent sprinkling or spray on the site can play a role in preventing heat and cooling. Because water absorbs a lot of heat when it evaporates. Also need to strengthen ventilation, so that air circulation, can also reduce the temperature. While adjusting the air temperature, we should also pay attention to the basin soil temperature. if the basin soil is a coarse and hard grain plant, it will change greatly with the rise and fall of air temperature, but its change process is relatively slow. Therefore, when watering, the temperature of the water should not be too different from the temperature of the basin soil, otherwise there will be a lot of disease.

2. The humidity needed by Hanlan must be adjusted.

Generally refers to the humidity refers to the air humidity, air humidity, also known as relative humidity, expressed by%. The growth of cold orchid requires higher air humidity. In the deep mountains, the air humidity is high, the growing season is full of rain and fog, and the cold orchid growing area is often filled with water fog, and the relative humidity is about 90%. When the air humidity is low, the orchid seedlings are yellow and thin and the leaves are rough, without thick green luster. If the air humidity is suitable for her growth, the leaves are moist, green and shiny. Generally speaking, the humidity required by cold orchid during the growing period should not be less than 80%, and the winter dormant period should also be 65%, 70%, and the air humidity at night is higher than that during the day.

The growth of cold orchid also needs to be moist by ventilated fog. Therefore, in the cultivation of cold orchids, humidity and ventilation are two relative contradictory factors, and more ventilation reduces the humidity, which is better in the deep mountains, because it is surrounded by firewood, grass and trees, which will maintain a certain degree of humidity, but it is different in the orchid farm. In order to maintain air humidity, orchids should be less ventilated or properly ventilated, and a slow head-shaking blowing device can be set up, and the breeze often blows the orchid leaves slightly.

In addition to less ventilation, there are several ways to increase air humidity: plant flowers and trees, so that plant roots can retain water, increase water evaporation in the air, plant roots can absorb a large amount of water from the ground, evaporation in the air to increase air humidity. Sprinkle water on and around the ground, and when the ground is dry, more sprinkling or irrigation can increase humidity. The top of the orchid shed can also be covered with small plastic water pipes, drilling a small hole per meter, and the water inlet can be connected with tap water. If the orchid shed is on the balcony roof, sprayers or spray pipes can be added in the air, which can significantly increase humidity. It can also be used to start spray humidification by self-control, and it can also be used for cooling in summer. All of these methods can increase humidity.

In addition, under the orchid shelf, add pools, basins or surrounding open ditches, increase water tanks, buckets, water plates, etc., can also increase humidity.

Hanlan needs ventilation

In the south, sometimes it is rainy and rainy, and the humidity is too high. When the humidity is too high, there should be more ventilation: use electric fans and exhaust fans to circulate the air and make the water evaporate quickly. When the cold orchid likes wet, high humidity and good ventilation, the cold orchid will grow strong. However, when there is no ventilation in high temperature and humidity, it will be harmful to the new buds of cold orchid, and it is prone to a variety of diseases and insect pests, so high temperature, high humidity and lack of ventilation should be avoided. In order to make the cultivated cold orchid grow well, ventilation plays an important role in the cultivation conditions. Ventilation can promote the breathing of cold orchid, continuously supply cold orchid with fresh and clean air, promote its metabolism, promote photosynthesis and increase the production of nutrients. Ventilation can also adjust the temperature and humidity of the orchid room and shade shed, so that cold orchid is conducive to growth, and ventilation can reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, because most of the diseases and insect pests are caused by poor ventilation.

Cold orchid needs water

Cold orchid and other plants, can not lack of water, cold orchid is a mesophyte, its roots do not need too much water, but the foliage needs more water than other orchids, but how much water does it need? When and how should I water it? This problem, especially for novice orchids, is eager to know, because its leaves are tall and large, and the leaves are thinner than the ink orchid. For Yifeng, there are many leaf shapes of cold orchid, and there may be many hybrid varieties, so the cultivation of cold orchid should be treated differently. Generally, cold orchids need more water than other orchid species, and then the growing season, growth conditions and the texture and size of orchid pots have different requirements for water, so they should be treated differently. Generally, novice orchids see that cold orchids are short of water, and they are afraid that cold orchids will die of drying and watering more, as a result, cold orchids often rot their roots and die.

The cold orchid mentioned above needs foliar humidification, which refers to the need to increase moisture outside the root to maintain it. In fact, the amount of water needed at the roots of cold orchids is not much different from that of other orchids. Of course, because the cold orchid leaves are thin and big, it needs more water, but the watering method is different. Cold orchids can be drenched in summer and autumn, but less in winter and spring. Cold orchid should be watered more in the growing period and bud stage to ensure sufficient water and nutrients during its growth period. Cold orchid should be watered less or not during the dormant period. Cold orchids with strong growth are watered more, those with poor growth are less watered, and diseased plants are not watered. When sprouting buds grow, the moisture can be more, the later stage of germination can be gradually reduced, and the water content of new buds should be less when they gradually grow into seedlings. Cold orchid flower bud appears a little more water, during flowering should not be too much, in order to prolong the flowering period, flowers withered need to stop for a week or so, so that the orchid plant slightly dormant, hot and dry climate when more watering, especially to the leaf surface more water. Less watering at low temperature, orchid farmers should pay attention to weather forecast, more watering in sunny days, less watering in cloudy and rainy days, watering should pay attention to the texture and size of pots, more watering in earthen pots, less watering in plastic pots, frequent watering in small pots, less watering in large pots, more watering and frequent watering of hard granular plants, less watering of fine and soft plants.

Large pot cultivation is suitable for cold orchid cultivation. After years of experiments, it is better for cold orchid to be planted in large pot group, because the leaves of cold orchid are larger and thinner than that of spring orchid, the humidity needed at ordinary times is high, and small pot is not moisturizing and easy to dry. For example, people who travel a lot are more suitable. The moisture in the large basin is better, and the moisture in the soil can evaporate to increase the air humidity, and then the large soil is not easy to dry, and it does not need to be watered every day. The big basin can make the roots of orchids grow on the soil surface like mountains; because there are many nutrients in the basin, it can satisfy the growth and development of cold orchids. If the plant nutrients are sufficient and the light is moderate, it can make one seedling grow two seedlings and bloom more. Cultivation in large pots is rarely watered at ordinary times, but potted plants are not watered all the year round, and strong seedlings are produced in large pots, while strong seedlings will have less disease, less medicine, less expenses, and so on.

Large potted plants as long as Fanglan basin can be well ventilated, no air pollution, use medicine three or four times a year to prevent it. If Ye Yilan is cultivated in large pots and small pots, she can be protected from burning leaf tips. As we all know, there are two leaf tips of orchid seedlings: first, the air is dry; second, the roots in the basin are out of control, or dry or wet, the water is stuffy, the roots are black, and the impermeability in the basin affects the physiological imbalance of the orchid root cap, resulting in rotten roots and affecting the coke tip. The author tried to plant cold orchid in large pot for many years, and it became stronger and stronger year after planting. There were four leaves per seedling to five leaves in the second year, and six leaves in the third year, and the leaf surface was obviously widened, while the third generation seedlings did not burn the leaf tip. In order to prove that its growth is related to the basin, I planted it back to the small pot. This year, the seedlings had only five leaves, while several generations of old seedlings began to burn the tip of the leaves, and the leaves were less shiny, unlike those growing in large pots. According to the experiment, the growth of cold orchid not only needs to be moist, but also needs the surrounding air to be moist to meet its physiological needs.

Let's talk about the requirements of using large potted plants. there are the following plant materials: (1) 50% of rotten leaf soil, 40% of red brick crushed material, 10% of grain hull or chaff charcoal; (2) 40% of coarse river sand, 20% of Lentinus edodes plant material, 30% of rotten leaf soil and 10% of loess grains; (3) 60% of shale debris, 30% of decayed leaf soil, and 10% of weathered soil.

The plant material in the large pot cold orchid pot should be divided into three layers, that is, large, medium, small and medium-sized eggs, large-sized eggs, hydrophobic, breathable, moisturizing and basin height 40%, medium-grained jujube 5%, and small particles combined with orchid soil. Before planting orchids, wash the orchid pots and large and medium granules with water and soak them thoroughly, respectively, pad the bottom of the basin and then plant orchids.