How can cactus be raised to be fat?

The cactus belongs to the perennial succulent and succulent plant of the cactus family, and its vitality is very tenacious. It can grow tenaciously even in tropical Africa and desert regions, but if you want the cactus to grow fat, you have to master the relevant breeding skills. How can the cactus grow strong?

Cactus is native to Brazil, Argentina, Mexico and subtropical desert or semi-desert regions of the American subtropics, and a few are found in tropical Asia and Africa. It is also distributed in China, India, Australia and other tropical regions. China is mainly distributed in South China and Southwest China. Cactus is suitable for potted plants and can also be planted in the tropics.

Temperature requirement

The suitable temperature for the growth of cactus is 20-30 ℃, the highest is not more than 35 ℃ and the lowest is not less than 5 ℃. Keeping the temperature above 5 ℃ in winter can safely survive the winter, and the drier the basin soil is, the more cold-resistant it is. The temperature in winter should be relatively stable, and the temperature difference between day and night is too large, which is easy to produce frost damage. When the spring temperature is more than 15 ℃, it begins to grow, and when the summer temperature reaches more than 35 ℃, it begins to enter dormancy and resume growth after autumn.

Lighting requirement

Cactus is a sun-loving plant, which is strongly positive and can only have bright flowers under strong sunlight. Therefore, sufficient light should be given, especially in winter. Generally tall, cylindrical and flat cacti are more resistant to strong light, and can be placed outdoors without shade in summer. On the other hand, the seedlings of smaller spherical species and general cacti should be semi-overcast to avoid the strong light in summer.

Watering method

Although cactus is a kind of dry-tolerant garden flower, it should be watered and sprayed reasonably according to species, season and plant size in cultivation and management, so as to avoid plant shrinkage and early senescence caused by excessive lack of water. The amount of water should be directly proportional to the air temperature, and multi-humidity management should be adopted in the growing season from May to October. The temperature is high and the evaporation is large in midsummer, so it needs to be watered every day, and it is suitable to water early and late. In the rainy season, the air humidity is large and the evaporation is small, so the soil moisture should be kept in order to prevent rotting roots and stems. As the temperature drops in late autumn, watering should be reduced accordingly.

In winter, it is necessary to strictly control moisture and keep the soil not too dry. The lower the temperature is, the more dry the basin soil is. Generally, the soil is watered once a week and carried out before noon on a sunny day. Care should be taken not to make the water touch the stem of the cactus, otherwise it is easy to cause rotting stems. When the temperature rises from March to April, watering should grasp the principle of dry and wet, dry and thoroughly irrigated enough, in order to meet the requirements of cactus to release dormancy and resume growth.

Soil selection

Soil is the place where plants grow, and most of the nutrients and water needed by plants are absorbed from the soil, so soil is directly related to the growth and development of plants. Potted cactus plants generally require calcareous sandy soil or sandy loam with good drainage and breathability. the soil that is too fertile and contains too much soluble salt is easy to cause root rot and cause damage.

The modulation ratio of cultivated soil should be adjusted in practical application according to the species, plant size and climatic conditions of cactus. For example, young plants need a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer and water during the growing period, so the proportion of rotten leaf soil in the culture soil should be increased appropriately. In the areas with more rainfall and high air humidity, the proportion of river sand can be increased and the basin soil can be ventilated and drained well. If the potted cactus is placed on the outdoor balcony, the water in the potted soil is easy to evaporate, which can appropriately increase the proportion of garden soil and rotten leaf soil. Sometimes peat soil or smoked rice husk is used instead of rotten leaf soil, and the effect is also very good.

Fertilization method

Proper fertilization is needed in the growing season of cactus plants, especially for seedlings and rootstocks with well-developed roots. Topdressing can use fully mature bean cake water, fish intestines water, rotten egg water and other liquid fertilizer, and should pay attention to the concentration, light effect is not big, too thick easy to burn roots. The method of producing liquid fertilizer in family cultivation is to put the crushed bean cake and fish sausage into a covered jar, add 2 ~ 4 times of water, leave 1/3 space at the top of the bottle, make it ferment, and add water 10 times to 20 times after ripening. Apply it every 15 days.

For some terrestrial cacti that like calcareous soil, lime water can be applied for 2 times during the growing period to prevent the acidification of basin soil. the method is to add 2 jin of water and 1 limestone, stir fully, dissolve and precipitate, and irrigate with the clarifying solution above. this liquid can be reused many times with water.

The method of transplanting upper basin

From April to May in spring, when the temperature rises to more than 15: 20 ℃ and the cactus begins to grow, it is the most suitable period for transplanting into the basin. It can also be transplanted into the basin from September to October in autumn.

For potted flowerpots, it is better to use vegetarian barbecued mud pots with good ventilation. A few taproot, fleshy or bulbous species require deeper flowerpots, while some cacti with underdeveloped roots can be grown in shallow pots. Too large flowerpots often cause the soil to be too wet, and the root development of too small flowerpots is limited, which is not conducive to the growth and development of cactus.

Potted cactus should not be watered within 2-3 days before transplanting so that the soil can be dried up so that the soil can be deducted from the pot. After withholding, remove the old soil and withered roots in the lower part, and the overlong and curved roots should also be cut off. If rotten roots are found, all the rotten parts should be removed until the healthy roots are exposed. The larger wound surface can be coated with plant ash or sulfur powder, wait for the wound to dry slightly, and then put on the basin.

Culture methods and matters needing attention

Before putting on the basin, whether it is a new basin or an old basin, you should wash it clean and make it fully absorb water before use. The upper basin method is to first dispose of broken basin pieces, gravel and shells in a small hole at the bottom of the basin, with a depth of 1/5 to 1/6 of the basin depth. Put it in a cool place after transplanting. It was not watered at that time. It can be watered once after a few days, and gradually moved to the sunny place. It is not suitable to apply fertilizer within half a month if transplanted in spring, and it can not be fertilized until the following spring after transplanting in autumn.

Matters needing attention in cactus culture

The main results are as follows: 1. The young cactus plants should be changed every year. Growing plants do not need to change pots year after year. However, after a certain period of time, the nutrients in the basin tend to be exhausted, and the root system is full of basin soil, or due to frequent watering, the basin soil becomes hard and hardened, which is not conducive to drainage and air permeability, which is easy to cause root rot. Therefore, the basin is generally changed every 2-3 years. The fast-growing varieties can be larger than the original basin when changing the basin, and it is appropriate that the original basin can be put into the new basin. In the process of cultivation, the topsoil on the basin surface should be often loosened to make the soil well ventilated so as to facilitate root growth.

2. The plants that often maintain a certain degree of dryness and sufficient light in cultivation and management have light stem color and slow growth, but the thorns and thorns are well developed, stout and beautiful. The plants that are often exposed to high temperature, high humidity and poor light conditions grow rapidly, the stem is soft, and the color is bright, but the growth of thorns and thorns are underdeveloped, and the color characteristics are not obvious, such as red thorns often turn dark brown. Therefore, the amount of watering should be adjusted according to the purpose of cultivation.

3. The water quality for watering and spraying should not contain too much sodium chloride and other salts. Generally speaking, Rain Water and well water are OK, but the water temperature should not be too low, and it is best to be close to the temperature. Tap water should be put into the tank for 2 days and then reused. Such as family fish farming, it is more appropriate to irrigate potted flowers with fish tank water.