Culture methods and matters needing attention of Lily

Lily alias Curly Dan, Pan Shan Dan and so on. Lily flowers and leaves opposite, wide and sparse, hence the name big-leaf lily. There are several flowers in the upper part of the stem, the petals roll outward, the stamens reveal the petals, the flowers are white and light red, and the petals are covered with rose patterns and spots, shaped like the markings on the deer, so it has the reputation of deer lilies. So how do lilies grow? Is there any good method in breeding? What matters should be paid attention to in aquaculture? Please read on with me with questions.

First, the culture method of lily (basic knowledge)

The best propagation time of lily is from September to October.

The best growth soil: Lily is suitable to grow in slightly acidic sandy loam with rich humus and good drainage, but not in dry calcareous soil.

Growth humidity requirements: the relative humidity should be 80% 85%, and the relative humidity should avoid too much fluctuation, otherwise leaf burning may occur.

The best growth temperature: the temperature of lily growth and flowering is 16024 ℃, the growth is almost stopped below 5 ℃ or above 30 ℃, the plants grow normally only when the plant is above 10 ℃, and stagnate when it exceeds 25 ℃.

The best growth light: Lily likes the sunny environment, the length of light time not only affects the differentiation of flower buds, but also affects the growth and development of flowers. Therefore, it is recommended to put a place with plenty of light for breeding.

Matters needing attention in breeding lilies:

Fertilizer application: lilies do not have high requirements for fertilizer, usually at the beginning of spring growth and the early stage of flowering. Phosphate fertilizer can be applied twice at flowering stage.

Second, the main points of reproduction: Lily reproduction has asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.

1. Asexual reproduction: there are mainly three kinds of production: scale propagation, bulb propagation and bulblet propagation.

2. Sexual reproduction: mature seeds will be collected in autumn. Sowing seeds in the seedbed can produce bulbs in the next autumn. This method has the advantages of long time, changeable species and less use in production.

Watering essentials: watering is usually chosen on a sunny morning. Watering only needs to keep the pot soil moist, but it should be watered frequently during the peak growing season and dry weather, and water is often sprinkled around the flowerpot to improve air humidity.

Pruning essentials:

The main results are as follows: (1) Lily needs to pick flower buds, and because of the high level of fertilizer and water management and large individual bulbs, flower buds are easy to appear in the growth of diseased plants.

(2) after seeing the bud, it should be picked in time to prevent the consumption of nutrition and promote the growth and expansion of the bulb.

(3) in the later stage, the leaves of corn below the ear on the ridge should be knocked out.

(4) the residual flowers should be cut off in time after flowering in order to reduce nutrient consumption.

III. Post-planting management

1. Temperature: in order to obtain high-quality cut lily flowers, temperature control in greenhouse is very important. During the 3-4 weeks after planting, the soil temperature must be kept at a low temperature of 9-13 ℃ to promote rooting. If the temperature is too low, the growth period will be prolonged unnecessarily, while when the temperature is higher than 15 ℃, it will lead to poor root development. The rooting of these stems will soon replace the basal roots to provide 90% of the water and nutrition for the plant, so the development of stem rooting is critical in order to obtain high-quality lilies. After the rooting period, the ambient temperature of oriental lily should be controlled at 15-25 ℃, and that of Asian lily and musk lily should be controlled at 14-23 ℃. If the daytime temperature is too high, ventilation and shading should be used to reduce the temperature; if the night temperature reaches 15-25 ℃, then the cut lily flower stem is short, the bud is few, and the quality is reduced, at this time (domestic) use gibberellin solution to spray the plant to increase the length of the flower stem, the specific amount varies according to different growth periods and different environmental temperatures, it can be less in the early growth stage and more in the later stage. The winter temperature of solar greenhouse in China generally prolongs the growth period of lilies and seriously affects the quality of cut flowers, so the means of temperature regulation should be increased.

2. Humidity: the soil moisture before planting is better to hold tightly and fall loosely. In the season with high temperature, cold water should be irrigated once before planting in order to reduce the soil temperature. After planting, water should be irrigated again to make the soil fully contact with the seed bulb and create good conditions for the development of stem rooting. The standard of later watering is to keep the soil moist, that is, it is appropriate to hold a handful of soil mass without coming out of the water. Watering is usually chosen on a sunny morning. The relative humidity should be 80% Murray 85%, and the relative humidity should avoid too much fluctuation, otherwise leaf burning may occur.

3. Fertilizer: the early stage of flowering lily bulb growth mainly consumes the nutrients stored in its own scales, so it is not necessary to add too much bottom fertilizer before planting, and some fertilizers can be applied according to the soil fertility one month after planting. Lily has a great demand for potassium, so compound fertilizer can be prepared according to the proportion of N-P2O5-K2O=14:7:21. Topdressing 10 kg per mu every 10-15 days until 3 weeks before flower picking. At the same time, attention should be paid to the supplement of trace elements, such as iron, boron, zinc and so on.

4. Light: light is an important condition to control quality, and lily flower bud development especially needs sufficient light. Lack of light will cause poor plant growth and cause lily sprouting, lighter leaf color and flower color, and shorten vase life. When lilies are planted in winter in northern China, about 25-30% of the sun is blocked due to the influence of thermal insulation materials such as glass or plastic film, so in addition to keeping the surface of glass and plastic film clean and making them transparent, some varieties also need supplementary light. Incandescent lamps can be used to make up the light. Horticultural high pressure sodium lamps should be used in good modern greenhouses. Summer production of lilies should also avoid strong direct sunlight, generally with shade net shade. Asian and musk lilies shade 40%, oriental lilies 50%.

5. Carbon dioxide: carbon dioxide is beneficial to the growth and flowering of lilies. From 8 to 10:00 in the morning on a sunny day, carbon dioxide gas pills are applied to increase carbon dioxide content in unventilated sheds. Other methods can also be used, for example: every 15-20 meters to hang a plastic bucket (the height from the bucket to the ground is 1 meter), the barrel is filled with 20% sodium bicarbonate (the commonly used household baking soda is sodium bicarbonate) solution. Then gradually pour the 10% dilute sulfuric acid solution into each plastic barrel 3-4 times, and sodium bicarbonate reacts with sulfuric acid to produce carbon dioxide gas. A solar greenhouse 60 meters long and 7 meters wide requires 1.7 kilograms of pure sodium bicarbonate and 1 kilogram of concentrated sulfuric acid (98% concentration).

IV. Harvesting and storage of cut lily flowers

1. Harvest: at least 2-3 buds will be harvested after transparent color. Early harvest affects the color of the flowers, the flowers will look pale and ugly, and some buds can not open. If harvested too late, it will bring difficulties to the treatment and packaging after harvest, the petals will be soiled by pollen, and the flowers that have opened will release ethylene, which will greatly shorten the shelf life of flowers.

2. Treatment: after harvest, remove the lower 10 cm leaves, and then grade and bind them. A grade of 10 centimeters is appropriate. Lilies bundled in a bunch, the longest and shortest branches preferably no more than 5 cm, aligned at the top of the flower.

3. Storage: the bundled lilies should be immediately put into clean, pre-cooled water, and then into the cold room, the best temperature for water and cold room is 2-3 ℃.

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