When will the potatoes be ready? Introduction to the best sowing and harvesting time of potatoes (potatoes) all over the country in 2017

Potato, also known as potato, is one of the most important food crops in the world. It is nutritious, easy to be absorbed by the human body after eating, and affordable in price. It is one of the projects for farmers to get rich. When will potatoes (potatoes) be planted? Let's take a look at the best sowing and harvest time for potatoes across the country in 2017.

Before you know the best time to grow potatoes, learn about the growth cycle of potatoes!

1. Dormant period.

After harvest, the sweet potato is put in an environment suitable for germination and can not germinate for a long time, which belongs to physiological natural dormancy and is a kind of adaptability to adverse environment. Tuber dormancy begins when the tip of the stolon stops polar growth and the tuber begins to expand. The length of dormant period is related to the storage of tubers and whether seedlings can emerge in time after sowing, so it is related to the yield.

The dormancy period of potato is greatly affected by storage temperature. under the condition of about 26 degrees Celsius, the dormancy period varies from about 1 month to more than 3 months according to different varieties. Potatoes can remain dormant for a long time at a temperature of 0-4 degrees Celsius. The dormancy process of potato is determined by the direction of enzyme activity and is closely related to environmental conditions.

2. Germination period.

The growth of potato starts from the bud germination on the tuber, and only when the tuber is released from dormancy can the buds and seedlings grow obviously. From bud germination to seedling emergence is the germination stage, the growth of the first section of the main stem. During the germination period, the center of growth lies in the elongation of buds, the formation of roots and the formation of stolons. Nutrition and water mainly depend on seed potatoes, which are supplied in the order of stems, leaves and roots. The speed and quality of growth are subject to the environmental conditions needed for seed potato and germination. The growth time varies according to the dormancy characteristics, cultivation seasons and technical measures of the varieties, ranging from one month to several months.

3. Seedling stage.

From seedling emergence to the sixth or eighth leaf flattening, that is, the completion of a leaf sequence growth, called "cluster tree", is the second growth of the main stem, for the potato seedling stage. The time of seedling stage is relatively short, no matter spring or autumn cropping is only half a month.

4. Hair stage.

From the cluster to the twelfth or sixteenth leaves, the early-maturing variety blossoms in the first inflorescence, while the late-maturing variety blossoms in the second inflorescence, which lasts about one month, which is the growth of the third section of the main stem. At the growing stage, the main stem began to rise sharply, accounting for about 50% of the total height; the main stem and leaves have all been completed, and there are branches and branches and leaves expansion. The root system continued to expand, the tuber expanded to the size of pigeon eggs, and there was a growth center turning stage in the budding stage. the end point of the transition stage was based on the balance of the ratio of stem and leaf dry matter to tuber dry matter.

5. Tuber-bearing period.

That is, the stage of tuber formation. After the completion of the budding stage, it enters the tuber-forming stage, which is dominated by tuber growth. In this period, the growth of stems and leaves decreased day by day, and the basal leaves began to turn yellow and withered, and the organic nutrients of each part of the plant were continuously transported to the tuber, and the tuber expanded faster, especially at 10 days after flowering. The length of tuber-bearing period is controlled by climatic conditions, diseases and variety maturity, which is generally 30-50 days.

Potato planting time all over the country

Potatoes in China are generally planted from October to December and can be harvested from January to March next year. Of course, if the climate permits, potatoes can be grown in theory all the year round, and the specific planting time depends on the local climate.

First, the northeast and northwest regions such as Gansu and Qinghai are generally planted in spring from mid-late April to early May (that is, after Grain Rain in the 24 solar terms and before the Beginning of Summer) and harvested in autumn, and usually only one season of potatoes can be planted in a year, which is called the north and northwest one-season planting area.

Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Hunan, Hebei and so on. Spring potatoes are planted in February and March in Shandong, Hebei and Central Plains (after Rain Water in the 24 solar terms, before the sting), the harvest season is from June to July, and autumn potatoes are planted in August (after the Beginning of Autumn in the 24 solar terms, before the End of Heat) and harvested in early October.

Third, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other provinces in south-central China can plant spring potatoes from January to February (after Greater Cold in 24 solar terms, before the Beginning of Spring, spring begins), and harvest in May-June; in September (after White Dew in 24 solar terms, before the Autumn Equinox), plant autumn and harvest in December. These areas are known as the Central Plains and the second season in Central and South China.

4. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places can plant one season of potatoes in the gap during the period of rice harvest in autumn. It is generally sown from mid-late October to November (after Frosts Descent in 24 solar terms, before the Beginning of Winter) and harvested from February to March next year. Because most of the growing period is in winter, these areas are often called southern winter areas.

In addition, when potato was propagated asexually by tuber, seed potato could germinate and grow under the condition of soil temperature of 5-8 ℃, and the optimum temperature was 15-20 ℃. The suitable temperature for stem and leaf growth and flowering is 16-22 ℃. The most suitable temperature for tuber formation at night was 10: 13 ℃ (soil temperature 16-18 ℃), but it formed slowly when it was higher than 20 ℃. Unearthed and young seedlings suffered frost injury when the temperature dropped to-2 ℃.

Warm reminder:

The sign of potato maturity is that most of the plants turn yellow and gradually wither, the stolon is separated from the potato tuber, the tuber epidermis forms a thicker cork layer, and the tuber stops gaining weight and can be harvested.

When cultivated as a vegetable in the suburbs of the city, it can be harvested by stages according to market needs and quality maturity, and can be harvested when the commercial maturity-tuber reaches more than 75 grams.

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