High-yield fertilization techniques and matters needing attention for malting barley, forage barley and edible barley

Barley is the general term for Palea (read fu) barley and naked barley. Generally, Lemma barley is called barley, which is characterized by the adhesion of Lemma shell and grain; the Lemma shell of naked barley is separated from grain, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is called highland barley, the Yangtze River valley is called barley, North China is called rice wheat and so on. After processing, it is the barley rice on the market.

Barley belongs to Gramineae-Barley genus in botanical classification. The two subspecies of common barley are of economic value, namely, two-rowed barley subspecies and multi-rowed barley subspecies. Usually we call multi-rowed barley six-rowed barley.

Two-rowed barley, triplex spikelets on each node of rachis, only the middle spikelet is fruiting, the lateral spikelet is underdeveloped or degenerated, and can not bear fruit. The number of grains per ear of two-rowed barley is small, and the grains are large and uniform. The Yangtze River valley in China generally likes to grow two-rowed barley.

In six-rowed barley, all the triplet spikelets on each node of the rachis bear fruit. Generally speaking, the development of the middle spikelet is earlier than that of the lateral spikelet, so the grain of the middle spikelet is slightly larger than that of the lateral spikelet. Due to the different density of trigeminal spikelets on the rachis, they can be divided into three types: sparse (14 within 4 cm), dense (15 / 19 within 4 cm) and extremely dense (more than 19 within 4 cm). Among them, the triplet has a sparse type, and the cross section of the spike has 4 angles, which is called 4-rowed barley, which is actually sparse six-rowed barley.

According to the purpose, barley can be divided into three types: malting barley, forage barley and edible barley (including food processing).

The fertilization techniques and matters needing attention for high yield of barley are as follows:

1. Apply sufficient base fertilizer

Due to the short growth period and rapid tillering of barley, the differentiation of young spikes is obviously earlier than that of wheat, so strong seedlings play a very important role in high yield before winter. The principle of "heavy before and after light, heavy application of bottom fertilizer and early topdressing" should be grasped in fertilization. Generally, the application of fully mature organic fertilizer 1500-2000 kg per mu (fresh manure can be fermented with Gymboree fertilizer starter, which can not only shorten the fermentation time, but also increase the nutrient conversion rate, reduce bacteria and eggs, and avoid burning roots and seedlings). High phosphorus compound fertilizer 15-20 kg, it is best to cooperate with 1-2 kg Gymboree microbial fertilizer, which can improve fertilizer utilization efficiency and reduce the adsorption and fixation of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. It makes the strong seedlings of barley early in the early stage and the full grains of barley in the later stage. Base fertilizer should account for 72%-80% of the total amount of fertilizer applied.

2. Skillfully applying topdressing

For the wheat fields with poor soil quality, less base fertilizer, late sowing and small population, topdressing seedling fertilizer as early as possible before winter, applying urea 7kg / mu or ammonium sulfate 8-10kg / mu, combined with Gymboree microbial fertilizer 1 kg, can accelerate the rate of tillering and promote the occurrence of low tillers. Return to green fertilizer early after 20 years, 7.5 kg urea per mu, 1 kg Gymboree microbial fertilizer, and then apply a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer as grain fertilizer at booting stage. For the wheat field with high fertility, large amount of base fertilizer, timely sowing, fast seedling emergence, early tillering and no application of seedling fertilizer, after turning green, little or no nitrogen fertilizer can be applied, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied. Generally, 20 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 7 kg of potash fertilizer or 10-15 kg of low-nitrogen and high-phosphorus compound fertilizer combined with Gymboree microbial fertilizer 1-2 kg per mu can prolong the filling period and increase single grain weight.

3. Extra-root topdressing

Foliar spraying plays a good role in replenishing the nutrients needed in the later growth stage of barley, promoting the transport of photosynthate to the grain, and improving the grain weight and quality of barley. 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed 1-2 times during the filling period of wheat. If the soil can be tested, 0.2% Mel 0.4% zinc sulfate solution can be sprayed according to soil nutritional status and crop nutrients, and 0.1% Mel 0.2% borax and other trace element fertilizers can be sprayed at heading and flowering stage. Because Gymboree microbial fertilizer not only contains microflora, but also adds medium and trace elements, Gymboree microbial fertilizer can be diluted 500-1000 times and sprayed with supernatant.