What are the common types of harvesters? Classification of harvester

Harvester is an integrated harvest of crops machinery, one-time completion of harvesting, threshing, and grain will be concentrated in the storage bin, and then through the conveyor belt will be transported to the transport vehicle. Harvester types are mainly portable harvesters, walking harvesters, horizontal header harvesters, vertical header harvesters, etc. This paper describes different types of harvesters in detail.

Type of harvester

Portable harvesters: also divided into side hanging and piggyback two kinds.

① Side hanging automatic harvester: adopts hard shaft transmission, mainly composed of engine, transmission system, clutch, working parts, control device and side hanging belt. One end of the transmission shaft is provided with a 0.75 - 2 kW single-cylinder two-stroke air-cooled gasoline engine and a centrifugal friction clutch, and the other end is provided with a working part composed of a reducer and a cutting tool. There are many types of working parts, commonly used for circular saw blades, blades or nylon wire. During operation, hang the hook ring on the aluminum alloy sleeve of the transmission shaft on the strap under the shoulder of the operator, hold the handle, swing the hard shaft horizontally, and then complete the cutting of weeds, shrubs and other operations. The machine weighs about 6~12 kg and rotates about 4500~5000 rpm.

2 knapsack automatic harvester: with flexible shaft drive, the general structure is similar to the side-mounted brush cutter, the difference is that its engine back on the operator's back, cutting parts by flexible shaft drive, engine power is generally 0.75~1.2 kW. The engine is connected to the back frame at two points and is equipped with special rubber parts for vibration isolation. Flexible shaft is a steel wire flexible shaft sleeved in a flexible hose to transmit torque. The hose is a threaded tube wrapped with steel tape wrapped in a metal braid with a rubber protective sleeve to prevent dust from entering the shaft and to maintain lubricating oil on the shaft surface. The width is generally between 1.5 and 2 meters.

Hand-held harvester: the weight of the implement is supported by the walking wheel, the machine is pushed forward by the person, and the working parts are driven by the engine for cutting and irrigation operations. Its structure and working principle are similar to portable brush cutters. Suspended harvesters are suspended behind tractors and driven to rotate by power output shafts. They are suitable for large-area irrigation operations. It is mainly composed of frame, saw blade, transmission device, suspension device and push plate. When cutting and irrigating, the tractor runs backward at a working speed of 5 km/h, and can saw shrubs with a diameter of 10 cm.

Horizontal header harvester: by the reel, a or before, after two canvas conveyor belt, grain divider, cutter and transmission device, etc. During operation, the reciprocating cutter, in cooperation with the reel press plate, cuts the crop and pulls it backward on the canvas conveyor belt, which sends the crop to the left side of the machine. Because the rear conveyor belt is longer than the front conveyor belt, the ear head part falls to the ground later, and the discharged straw is laid into neat strips with an angle in the same direction as the machine, which is convenient for manual picking and bundling. Horizontal header harvesters have good adaptability to different growth density, plant height, lodging degree and yield of rice and wheat, and have simple structure; however, the longitudinal size is large, and the flexibility of the unit is poor during operation. It is mostly matched with wheeled or walking tractors below 15 kW. The cutting width is less than 2.0 meters, and the wheat can be harvested 4~5 mu per meter per hour.

Vertical header harvesters: The cut crop stands upright on the plane of the cutter and is laid into strips by the output machine against the conveyor. There are two kinds of side laying and rear laying: side laying harvester consists of grain divider and grain star wheel (or grain finger wheel), cutter, transverse vertical toothed belt conveyor, etc. The cut crop is transferred to the upper and lower toothed belts of the conveyor by the reaping star wheel, and the conveyor conveys it laterally to one side of the machine for laying. A set of pulling triangle belt with teeth, star wheel and pressing elastic strip are added every 30cm between the two grain separating devices of the rear laying harvester, so that the straw can keep a stable upright state in the transverse conveying process. After reaching the right side of the machine, the straw is conveyed backwards by a pair of longitudinal conveying belts, and the straw is laid into strips at the rear of the machine under the cooperation of the pressing plate. This type of machine can not press the straw on the corn seedling in the case of interplanting corn, and its cutting width is equal to the width of the wheat bed between two rows of corn. Vertical header harvester compact structure, small longitudinal size, light and flexible, good maneuverability, suitable for harvesting rice and wheat on small plots of land. Most of them are matched with 7~9 kW walking tractors or 15 kW wheeled tractors, with a cutting width of 1.1~1.2 meters; there are also small self-propelled harvesters matched with 2~3 kW walking chassis, with a cutting width of about 1 meter.