Can wheat harvester harvest soybeans? how to use wheat combine harvester to harvest soybeans?

Since last year, the state began to implement the "rice to beans" policy, many farmers began to grow soybeans, at this time the harvest has become a hassle. So can the wheat harvester harvest soybeans? How to use a wheat combine to harvest soybeans? Can the wheat harvester harvest soybeans? This paper introduces in detail the methods of using wheat combine harvester to harvest soybean, such as reasonable adjustment to reduce loss, rational use to improve operation quality and so on.

First of all, the wheat harvester can harvest soybeans, but it has to be partially modified, of course, some of the machines do not even need to be modified, just pay attention to the method of use.

Reasonable adjustment to reduce losses

1. Control the loss of the cutting table.

In soybean harvest, the loss of cutting table generally accounts for more than 80% of the total loss. The loss of the cutting table should be controlled from three aspects: reducing missing cutting, falling branches and exploding pods.

(1) reduce missed cutting. The current ridge distance is generally 65cm to 70cm. Take the 3060 combine harvester as an example, the cutting width of the soybean flexible harvester is 2.75m, and each harvest is exactly 4 ridges, so the main reason for missing cutting lies in the stubble height. If the stubble is too low, it is easy to gather in front of the cutting table; if the stubble is too high, it is easy to leave "Mal stubble" and cut the bottom pod. The minimum pod height of soybean is generally 6-8 cm. Therefore, if the stubble is controlled within 4 to 6 centimeters, there will be no "Maltese stubble". However, sometimes the phenomenon of gathering pile is easy to occur, so the bottom drag plate of the cutting table can be adjusted to reduce the phenomenon of gathering pile.

(2) reduce the loss of throwing and dropping branches. The throwing branch is mainly caused by the improper rotation speed of the plucking wheel (too low or too high), which can be solved by paying attention to adjustment during operation. The branch drop is mainly caused by the different height of the plant or lodging plant. at this time, after the stem is cut, the bean branch is not put into the cutting table, and the vertical fall or lateral dumping is cut twice by the cutter and falls into the cutting table. The solution is to properly adjust the height of the reel or increase the speed if the feeding quantity allows.

(3) reduce the loss of pods. Reduce the impact and pull of the cutter on the plant, ensure that the cutter is sharp and the cutter gap meets the requirements; adjust the tension of the transmission belt of the pendulum ring box to prevent the decrease of cutting speed caused by the slippage of the transmission belt and affect the cutting quality; reduce the impact and scratching of the plucking wheel on the pods of bean stalks and beans. In the early stage of harvest, the moisture content of bean branch is higher, the rotation speed of plucking wheel can be higher; when the bean branch is dry in the late stage, it is easy to explode pods, and the rotation speed of plucking wheel is lower. In addition, try not to let the plucking teeth hit the bean branches directly, and the plucking board should be installed on the plucking wheel.

2. Reduce the loss of the body.

The main results are as follows: (1) controlling the loss of wrapped grain. Avoid harvesting crops that are too wet when the grain moisture is more than 19% (the plant bends continuously), because no matter increasing the rotational speed, adjusting the gap, and increasing the air volume can not solve the problems of unclear separation and bean shell entrapment. (2) controlling the unstripped net loss. Soybean threshing is based on the impact, rubbing and extrusion of soybean pods. The drum and the concave plate mainly hit the front half of the bean branch, while the latter part is mainly kneaded and extruded. In this process, 60% to 90% of the beans are separated from the concave grid, so the factors affecting the threshing quality are the speed of the threshing drum, the threshing gap, the crop condition and the feeding condition. In general, when harvesting soybean, the speed of threshing drum can be selected as 715r/min, the speed of separating drum can be selected as 608r/min, the forward speed of harvester is Ⅱ block, and the feeding quantity is controlled by stepless speed. (3) to control the entrainment loss. Adjust the air volume of the fan as much as possible, that is, increase the fan speed, at the same time, adjust the opening of the glume screen to the maximum, and increase the angle of the tail screen, which can reduce the entrainment loss of soybean and improve the cleaning rate of grain.

Rational use to improve the quality of work

1. Reduce the breakage rate.

Reducing the breaking rate of soybean mainly starts from the following aspects.

(1) timely harvest. Because soybeans go through many processes such as harvesting, cutting, transportation, threshing, cleaning and grain extraction, each process is kneaded and impacted, and the beans must have sufficient strength and hardness so that they will not be broken. When the bean is too wet, the hardness is low, the anti-kneading performance is poor, and it is easy to be crushed; when the bean is too dry, the toughness is poor, the strength is low, it is not resistant to impact, and it is easy to be broken by high-speed impact. (2) correctly select the speed and clearance of the threshing drum. In the early stage of harvest, the moisture content of beans is large and it is difficult to remove. The drum speed 715r/min should be selected, the inlet gap is 20-28 cm, the outlet gap is 8-10 cm, and the gap between the left and right sides should be the same. The early, middle and late harvest time should be adjusted according to the stem dry humidity. In the late harvest, the bean branches are dry, easy to peel and fragile, so the threshing drum speed 500r/min should be selected, the inlet gap is 28cm 35cm, and the outlet gap is 10cm. The selection of threshing drum speed should be based on the principle of threshing and non-blocking, and the threshing gap should be as large as possible under the premise of ensuring that the separated bean stalk does not contain seeds. This adjustment can not only ensure crop threshing, but also reduce the crushing rate. (3) correctly adjust the tightness of scraper chains such as feeding chain rake, grain lifter, miscellaneous residue lifter, etc. If it is too loose, the chain and teeth are easy to break beans. (4) the blockage of threshing drum, stripper, grain and impurity pushing and stirring dragon and other transportation parts should be avoided as far as possible, so as to reduce bean crushing.

2. Reduce the "mud flower face" of soybean.

Harvesting soybeans requires very low stubble, occasionally improper operation, the soil will enter the cutting table, causing a "mud face" to soybeans. For this reason, we should pay attention to a few points when harvesting.

(1) it should be harvested in a dry state. Because the soil is moist, there is frost or large moisture on the bean branches, which is easy to produce "mud flower face". (2) the retaining plate is installed at the back of the cutter, which makes it difficult for the soil to enter the cutting table. (3) clean up the soil on the cutting table, concave plate or sieve surface in time. (4) add some small holes on the valve at the bottom of the grain elevator (the pore diameter can not be larger than 4 mm) to let the soil into the body leak out of the small hole.