What are the system types of sprinkler irrigation equipment?

Sprinkler irrigation equipment is mainly composed of water source power machine, water pump, pipeline system and sprinkler. The water source power machine and water pump are supplemented by pressure regulation and safety equipment to form a sprinkler irrigation pumping station. All levels of pipelines connected with the pumping station, gate valves, safety valves, exhaust valves, etc., constitute the water delivery system. Spraying equipment includes sprinklers or walking devices on the last stage pipe. Sprinkler irrigation systems can be divided into the following three categories according to the degree of movement in the process of sprinkler irrigation.

Fixed sprinkler irrigation system

Except for the sprinkler, all the components are fixed in the long years or irrigation season. The main pipe and branch pipe are mostly buried in the ground, and the sprinkler is installed on the vertical pipe connected by the branch pipe. The utility model has the advantages of convenient operation, high efficiency, small area, comprehensive utilization (such as combined fertilization, pesticide spraying, etc.) and automatic control of irrigation. But it needs a lot of pipe, and the investment per unit area is high. It is suitable for economic crop areas with frequent irrigation (such as vegetable growing areas) and high-yield crop areas.

Semi-fixed sprinkler irrigation system

The sprinkler, water pump and main pipe are fixed, while the branch pipe and sprinkler are movable. The ways of movement include manual moving, rolling, end towing driven by tractor or winch, power rolling type driven by small engine, winch type and self-moving round and translation type, etc. Its investment is less than that of fixed sprinkler irrigation system, and its efficiency is higher than that of mobile sprinkler irrigation system. Often used in field crops.

① winch sprinkler. The water supply is supplied by the water plug on the main pipe through the hose. There are three types: one is to install the steel cable winch together with the power machine and sprinkler used to drive the winch on the sprinkler vehicle, and one end of the steel cable is fixed on the ground to pull the sprinkler vehicle forward; the other is to put the steel cable winch and its power machine on the ground, and to draw the sprinkler with sprinkler through the steel cable. The other is to wind the hose as a water supply branch pipe on the winch, and the winch and sprinkler are installed on the sprinkler truck or sleigh and are pulled forward by the hose. The hydraulic driven capstan sprinkler irrigation machine uses the high-pressure water from the main pipe to drive the winch through the water turbine to avoid the power machine.

② circular sprinkler and translation sprinkler. All of them are multi-tower car self-walking type, that is, the thin-walled metal branch pipe with many sprinklers is supported on a number of tower cars that can walk automatically. Each tower car has a set of speed regulation, synchronization, safety control and drive system, which makes the whole branch system move slowly in a straight line or rotate around one end automatically and harmoniously under electric or hydraulic drive. The circular sprinkler irrigation machine is supplied by the central pivot, the length of the branch pipe is 60,800 meters, the time of turning around is 8 hours to 7 days, and the control area is 150 to 3000 mu, with a high degree of automation. But the spraying area is round, in order to solve the irrigation problem of the four corners on the square plot, some are equipped with corner spraying devices, that is, outstretched spray rods or long-range sprinklers are installed at the end of the branch pipe, which are automatically connected when they turn to the corner. The translational sprinkler irrigation machine is used to supply water through the hose from the water supply plug on the channel or fixed main pipe. When the water is supplied by the main pipe, the sprinkler will move the hose after walking a certain distance and connect it to the next water plug, so the degree of automation is low, but it will not leave a corner after sprinkler irrigation.

Mobile sprinkler irrigation system

In addition to water sources, power machines, water pumps, main pipes, branches and sprinklers can all be moved, so they can be used alternately in different plots in one irrigation season, which improves the utilization rate of equipment and saves investment per unit area. but the work efficiency and the degree of automation are low. Among the commonly used types, there are light and small sprinkler machines with power machines and water pumps installed on trolleys or hand racks, whose sprinklers are installed on portable tripods and connected with water pumps through hoses; some are small sprinkler machines that install water pumps with sprinklers on walking tractors, and some are double cantilever sprinklers installed on large and medium-sized tractors. Mobile sprinkler irrigation system is suitable for field crops and small plots with less irrigation times.

In addition, self-pressure sprinkler irrigation can be developed in areas where conditions permit. The utility model has the advantages that the natural drop of water can be used, the power machine and water pump are not needed, the equipment is simple, the operation is convenient, and the use cost is low.