Which month is the best month for fig seedlings?

Fig resistance is strong, adaptability is wide, soil, moisture, climate and other requirements are not strict, the year when the seedlings bear fruit, the third-5 years into the harvest period, more than 2000 kg per mu, early results, high yield, no size, few pests, almost no pesticide application, easy cultivation and management. In addition, fig tree leafy, elegant tree state, is a good ornamental tree species landscaping. Therefore, the cultivation of figs has high economic significance.

1. Garden construction and planting

Garden construction is to create good conditions for fig growth and development, select varieties of garden, establish suitable fig growth and fruit, easy to cultivate and manage orchards, to improve yield and character, to achieve high quality and efficient cultivation has very important significance.

(i) Fig's plea for environmental conditions

Fig originated in subtropical arid and semi-desert areas, cold, barren and drought resistant. Its suitable area is very wide, in China, south to Hainan, north to Liaoning, east to Weihai, Shandong, west to the western border of Xinjiang, there are fig cultivation.

1, temperature fig is a deciduous fruit tree, like warm, high temperature resistance, high temperature usually will not cause damage to fig plants; also cold, cold resistance varies with varieties, Branrick, purple, Kawasaki, Japanese purple fruit and other varieties of cold resistance is strong, adult trees can withstand the low temperature of minus 16 degrees, in the south of the Yellow River, choose suitable plots, fig can safely winter. Masi taofen, green resistance 1 and other varieties of poor cold resistance, minus 8 degrees can be frozen. After many years of practice, fig research institute in Jiaxiang County of Shandong Province has developed a set of cold-resistant cultivation techniques for fig, so that fig can safely overwinter in Liaoning, Jilin and other cold regions and obtain ideal yield.

2, moisture fig root system developed, has a strong drought resistance, in the mountain slope cultivation can also obtain higher yield. For a long time, people have been thinking that figs are drought-resistant and waterlogged, but cultivation practice in recent years has confirmed that figs are also very resistant to waterlogging. In autumn of 1999, fig harvest garden in Jiaxiang County of Shandong Province suffered from flood. Some plots were flooded for more than 20 days. A large number of aerial roots were produced in flooded parts such as fig backbone. Except for poor fruit quality, the growth results were basically normal. However, serious waterlogging or air humidity may lead to fruit cracking and rotten, long-term water shortage will cause fruit reduction and fruit drop, so the establishment of harvest orchard should try to achieve drought irrigation, waterlogging can drain, in order to improve yield and character.

3. Soil fig has strong adaptability to soil, sand, loam and even all kinds of clay heavy soil can be cultivated, but the most suitable soil layer is neutral or alkaline sandy calcareous soil. Figs are also highly salt tolerant and are one of the most saline-tolerant fruit trees. It can be planted in coastal beaches and inland saline land. Fig needs more calcium. Lime application can obviously increase the yield of fig when it is planted in acid and calcium deficient soil.

(ii) Site selection

Fig has a strong adaptability to the environment, the soil request is not strict, plains, hills, dry land, saline land, coastal beaches can be. But better soil conditions are more conducive to the improvement of yield and character. In addition, because figs are soft and juicy, their storage resistance is poor, and they are inconvenient to transport, the development of orchards should be selected in places with convenient transportation, close to cities or processing plants, so as to facilitate processing and sales.

(iii) Variety selection

According to different cultivation objectives, fig can be divided into several varieties, namely fresh varieties, processed varieties, landscaping varieties and dual-purpose varieties.

In recent years, Jiaxiang County Fig Research Institute of Shandong Province cooperated with other scientific research units to introduce and collect more than 90 fig improved varieties from France, America, Japan, Israel and other countries, and bred more than ten kinds of high quality varieties suitable for cultivation in most areas of China, among which Kawasaki, Japanese purple fruit and purple light are high quality fresh edible varieties, with the largest fruit of more than 280g. Kawasaki has excellent character and high yield, while Branrick has the strongest resistance. It can be used for fresh food and processing. Red dwarf is especially suitable for gardening and bonsai. It is a rising star among fig varieties. Masi taofen fruit is big, but the flavor is ordinary, easy to crack fruit, rainy area is not suitable for cultivation, green peel sugar content is high, but the peel is thick, the appearance is not beautiful.

(iv) Planting

Fig growth faster, the nursery stock specifications request lax. Usually with an annual cut dry seedlings (leave 10-30 cm), autumn or spring planting can be. Because of shrub cultivation, the cultivation density is relatively high, row spacing is 2-3 meters, plant spacing is 1-2 meters, 111-333 plants per mu vary, dry land should be dense, fertile land should be sparse. Y-shaped pruning method is usually 2m row spacing, 4m hole spacing, 2 plants per hole, planting 170 plants per mu. This method has early fruit, high yield and convenient management, which is worth popularizing. Before planting figs, the garden should be fully deep ploughed, organic fertilizer should be applied, and the planting hole should be dug half a meter square. Before planting, 20 kg of soil fertilizer and 2 kg of phosphate fertilizer were applied to the holes. After planting, the above-ground part of the seedlings will be sealed with soil, cold and water conservation, until spring germination before, and then stripped to facilitate germination.

II. Soil, fertilizer and water management

(a) Soil management

1. Soil improvement is usually used to establish fig gardens. The plants are self-rooted seedlings. The root layer is shallow. The main dispersion area of roots is about 30-40cm underground. Therefore, in order to obtain high yield and high quality in fig cultivation, soil should be improved, soil structure should be improved, soil should be fluffy, ventilated and water-retaining, so as to enhance root development. The main method: First, the soil is deeply turned over. For fig orchards in hills and clay areas, deep ploughing should be carried out 2-3 times at the early fruit stage, the depth is 40-50cm, and deep ploughing can be carried out at intervals and plants to mature the rhizosphere soil. Second, intertill weeding. Because fig harvest time is long, because orchard is trampled on many times, soil is easy to harden, thus damaging the soil structure of rhizosphere. According to the soil type, strengthen intertillage and weeding.

2. The fig orchard with inter-row management of saline land should adopt the soil management degree of inter-row grass or inter-crop and covering grass, which can inhibit salt return, reduce soil salt content, improve soil structure and improve soil fertility. In fig orchard on hilly land, soil management system combining covering grass and planting grass should be adopted to improve moisture content, maintain moisture content and avoid soil and water loss in rainy season. In fig orchards on the plains, legumes and vegetables can be intercropped between young trees and early fruits. Close planting orchards should be carried out intensive cultivation.

(ii) Fertilization

Fig growth is large, need fertilizer also much, pay special attention to make up potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer, in order to make up for the growth of trees and maintain the soil neutral acid.

1. Basal fertilizer is applied to figs. It is usually best to apply manure from mid-November to early December after defoliation. The amount required for adult trees is calculated according to the amount of N 100-120kg, P 80-100kg and K 80-100kg per hectare. Fertilization method, can be in the row or between plants, open a wide 30cm, deep 30-50cm fertilization ditch, apply base fertilizer.

2, topdressing fig branches and leaves growth and fruit development is synchronous, and is complementary, the demand for nutrients is balanced. This should be applied 7-8 times a year if possible, usually 3-4 times. If the base fertilizer can be applied adequately, the first topdressing should be in May when the new shoots are flourishing, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and the application rate per hectare is 200-300kg. In the fruit maturity period of 8-10 months, should topdressing 2-3 times, mainly compound fertilizer, each time the dosage of 250-300kg per hectare. Fertilization method is the same as basal fertilizer. In addition, spray 0. 3%-0。5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or nitrogen-potassium based compound fertilizer can also achieve the effect of increasing fruit and reducing cracking.

(iii) Irrigation and drainage

1, irrigation fig root system developed, more drought resistance; but the leaves are large, summer high temperature season evaporation water, so the water demand is large. If water supply cannot be satisfied, light ones will inhibit the growth of new shoots and reduce yield; heavy ones will have small fruits, poor character, and even early leaf fall. Therefore, in order to ensure high yield and high quality, water should be made up in time when normal rainfall cannot meet. The main water requirement period of fig is from July to September before overwintering, germination and fruit growth. Irrigation methods, in addition to traditional furrow irrigation, hole irrigation, but also sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation.

2, drainage in the fruit maturity period, such as excessive rainfall, will not only reduce the sugar content of the fruit, character deterioration, and even cause cracking fruit. Therefore, in rainy season or low-lying areas, pay attention to timely eliminate stagnant water or high ridge, so as to reduce stains.