Safe operation knowledge and matters needing attention of straw returning machine in nursery, cultivated land and dry land

After autumn harvest, there will be a large number of crop straws in nurseries, cultivated land and dry land in rural areas of China. It is a good measure to use machinery to break straw and fertilize the land. So what are the safety operation knowledge and precautions of straw returning machine?

First, the working principle of straw crushing and returning machine

According to the overall structure, straw crushing and returning machine is divided into two categories, one is horizontal straw crushing and returning machine, the other is vertical straw crushing and returning machine.

a. Horizontal straw crushing and returning machine

A cutter shaft of the horizontal straw crushing and returning machine is horizontally arranged, and a swing cutter arranged on the cutter shaft rotates in a longitudinal vertical plane. Horizontal straw crushing and returning machine is mainly composed of transmission mechanism, crushing chamber and auxiliary parts. The transmission mechanism consists of a universal joint transmission shaft, a gear box and a belt transmission device. The crushing chamber consists of a casing, a blade and a blade hinged on a cutter shaft. The blade form has L type, straight knife type, hammer claw type and so on, auxiliary parts include suspension frame and depth wheel and so on. By adjusting the height of the depth wheel, the stubble height can be adjusted while ensuring that the flail does not hit the soil.

The horizontal straw crushing and returning machine is connected with a power output shaft of a tractor, the power output by the power output shaft of the tractor drives a driving wheel to rotate through a universal joint and two shafts of a main gearbox, the driving wheel drives a driven wheel and a crushing roller to rotate through a triangular belt, and hammer claws arranged on the crushing roller rotate along with the roller and open under the action of centrifugal force. The hammer claw rotating at high speed picks up the crop straw on the ground and feeds it into the crushing chamber composed of the casing and the roller. At this time, the straw is cut by the first row of teeth, and most of it is shredded. The straw which is not crushed is affected by the change of the cross section of the shell wall on the inner wall of the broken line shell, which leads to the change of the airflow speed, so that the straw is crushed by the impact of the hammer claw for many times. When the straw enters the gap between the hammer claw and the rear row fixed teeth, it is sheared and torn again, and the crushed straw is evenly scattered in the field through the guide plate. The following depth roller presses the remaining rhizomes together with the straws onto the ground, thus completing the whole working process.

b. Vertical straw crushing and returning machine

Vertical straw crushing and returning machine consists of suspension frame, gear box, cover shell, crushing working parts, depth limiting wheel and front shield. The vertical straw crushing and returning machine is connected with a power output shaft of a tractor, power output by the power output shaft of the tractor is input into a transverse shaft through a universal joint transmission shaft and a transmission gear box, and after speed increase and steering of a bevel gear, the vertical shaft rotates to drive a cutter head arranged on the vertical shaft to work. A fixed cutter block is arranged on the side plate of the cover shell, and a feeding guide device is arranged at the front feeding inlet, so that the stalks on both sides gather toward the middle, so as to increase the cutting times of the swing cutter to the stalks and improve the crushing effect. A front shield with a protective chain or a protective plate is also arranged in front of the cover shell, so that only straws are allowed to enter from the front, and crushed straws are not allowed to be thrown out from the front. An exhaust guide plate is arranged at the exhaust port at the rear of the housing to improve the uniformity of straw spreading. The depth limiting wheel is installed on both sides or rear of the machine. By adjusting the depth limiting height, the stubble height can be adjusted to ensure that the swing knife does not enter the soil and has good crushing quality.

II. Adjustment of straw crushing and returning machine

a. Installation and adjustment of universal coupling

The assembly position of universal joint shall be such that the end with square shaft is installed into the input shaft of crusher and the end with square pipe is installed into the output shaft of tractor. The inner and outer sections are crossed, and the two inner and outer sections are respectively kept in the same horizontal position and installation direction. The wrong installation is easy to cause excessive vibration and cause damage to the parts. The horizontal angle between the transmission shaft and the ground during operation shall not be greater than 10°.

b. Adjustment of tractor connection

After the straw crushing and returning machine is connected with the tractor, the unit should be debugged. Place the unit on a horizontal plane for observation, check whether the returning machine is properly connected, and adjust the length of the left and right suspenders to make the machine horizontal. At the same time, adjust the lower connecting shaft to the long hole to make it float during operation. Adjust the length of the center tie rod so that the implement is longitudinally horizontal. The height gap between the cutter teeth and the ground is adjusted in the field, so that the distance between the tooth end and the ground is 1~2cm.

Three, straw crushing machine operating knowledge

a. Before operation, go to the field to be operated to have a look, understand the maturity of crops and soil hardness, remove obstacles from the machine, level the furrow (to avoid damage to the universal joint), remove large stones in the field, and set signs.

b. Before operation, check the technical status of the traction tractor to ensure its integrity, check all parts of the returning machine, tighten the loose parts, and fill the gear oil in the gear box. Generally, the oil level height is the most suitable for the large gear immersed in the oil surface. Each lubricating part should also be filled with grease. After the inspection, the machine should be airlifted for 5~10 minutes, and the operation can be carried out only after confirming that all parts are in good working condition.

c. During operation, the returning machine should be lifted to a height of 20~25cm from the ground, and the lifting position should not be too high to avoid damage caused by excessive deviation angle of the universal joint. Engage the power output shaft, rotate for 1~2min, engage the operating gear, and slowly release the clutch pedal. At the same time, operate the hydraulic lifting adjusting handle to gradually lower the returning machine to the required stubble height, then increase the oil and put it into normal operation.

d. Clean up the tangled grass in time during operation. The machine must be shut down when clearing the grass or troubleshooting, so as to avoid personal injury. Check the tightness of the triangle belt at any time, so as not to reduce the speed of the cutter shaft, affect the crushing quality and aggravate the wear of the triangle belt.

e. It is strictly prohibited to start the straw crushing and returning machine with load. It is strictly prohibited to rise and fall rapidly when the machine is running. The machine should be lifted before turning the unit. It is strictly prohibited to turn when the machine is in the working position, so as not to damage the limit chain. Do not remove the belt guard.

f. During operation, it is forbidden to swing the knife into the ground to prevent damage to the machine caused by unlimited increase in torque, and avoid earth ridges, tree stumps and other obstacles. If the hammer claw is found to hit the soil, adjust the height of the ground wheel from the ground or the length of the suspension rod on the tractor.

g. If there is abnormal noise during operation, stop immediately for inspection. After troubleshooting, continue operation. It is strictly prohibited to inspect machines and tools under operation.

Attachment: corn straw return machine in the case of shaking without a knife is how to return a responsibility? How?

a. The cutter shaft dynamic balance is invalid. It is recommended to replace the cutter shaft.

b. The two pulleys are not coplanar, or the groove surfaces of the two pulleys are inclined. It is recommended to adjust them after sale.