Application technology and matters needing attention of corn and sugarcane straw returning machine in autumn

The mechanization technology of straw returning to the field in autumn refers to the use of different straw crushing and returning machines to directly cut up corn, rice, sugarcane and other straw.

(1) the technology of returning corn straw to the field

1. Technical content

After picking the ear of corn, using the corn straw returning machine, the corn straw was crushed on the spot and scattered evenly on the ground for direct no-tillage sowing. In traditional tillage, the stubble can be crushed by a disc rake or rotary tiller, buried with a deep plough after applying a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and sown with a disc seeder after leveling.

2. Technical requirements

The quality requirements of corn straw returning to the field are as follows: stubble height ≤ 8cm, stalk chopping length ≤ 10 cm, dispersion non-uniformity rate ≤ 20%.

(1) the straw was crushed and returned to the field. After picking the ear of corn, the moisture content of straw is more than 30%, and the straw crushing machine will be used to crush it in time. During the operation, attention should be paid to selecting the working gear of the tractor and adjusting the stubble height, strictly prevent leakage, the corn straw can not be crushed after being knocked down, and the gap of the working parts should be controlled above 5cm.

(2) deep ploughing and burying. When corn straw is buried, appropriate amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer should be applied to speed up the decomposition of corn straw and promote it to become effective nutrients as soon as possible. Ploughing depth is appropriate to break the bottom of the plough, through ploughing, pressing, covering, to eliminate the soil caused by straw, and timely watering to promote straw decay.

3. Matters needing attention

The main results are as follows: (1) Corn should be returned to the field in time while the straw is fresh and tender after harvest.

(2) when working on the ground, it is necessary to raise the straw return machine to turn after the straw is completely chopped.

(3) when the returning machine is working, the personnel should not approach the rotating part, and it is strictly forbidden to sit on the machine. When reversing, the power should be cut off and the rotation should be stopped and the shredder should be promoted.

(2) Mechanization technology of crushing and returning sugarcane leaves to the field.

1. Technical content

The mechanization technology of crushing and returning sugarcane leaves to the field refers to the operation process of using the machine to crush the sugarcane leaves and sugarcane tips abandoned in the sugarcane field, and then bury the crushed sugarcane leaves into the soil by machinery.

2. Technical requirements

(1) operating conditions: the row spacing of sugarcane is 110 cm to 150 cm, the moisture content of sugarcane leaves is less than 30%, the land is flat, the slope is less than 15 degrees, and the stubble height of persistent roots in sugarcane ridges is less than 3cm.

(2) work quality: the crushing length of sugarcane leaves < 25cm, the qualified rate should be more than 80%, the stubble rate of damaged persistent roots is less than 8%, and the leakage rate is less than 8%. The length of sugarcane leaves and shoots is < 25cm, the picking rate is more than 90%, and the sugarcane leaves are crushed and scattered evenly.

(3) Technical route

Burying (newly planted sugarcane): mechanically crushing (cutting), throwing sugarcane leaves → to break ridges or burying into the soil when ploughing (persistent root sugarcane)

3. Precautions

The main results are as follows: (1) after the sugarcane harvest, the sugarcane leaves and tips left in the sugarcane field should be dried or dried before the sugarcane leaves were crushed and returned to the field.

(2) during the operation, attention should be paid to adjusting the clearance between the top of the blade or hammer of the sugarcane leaf crushing and returning machine to the ground to about 10cm, so as to avoid cutting the blade or hammer into the soil and damaging the rootstock.

(3) after crushing, the sugarcane leaves should be buried in the soil layer below 15~20cm if the middle ploughing machine is used to cultivate the soil.