How to use farm manure correctly?

Now it is spring ploughing season, one of the fertilizers commonly used by farmers in this season is farm manure, but different farm manure is suitable for different crops, and the methods of use are different, so how to use farm manure correctly?

Human feces and urine is a mixture of human feces and human urine, and it is a kind of farm fertilizer widely used in rural areas. Human feces contain about 20% of the organic matter, and human urine contains about 3% of the organic matter, which contains more urea and a small amount of uric acid and hippuric acid. Human feces and urine must be fermented and matured, and after human feces and urine are retted, they should be diluted with water. Human feces and urine are effective for the growth of all kinds of crops, and are most suitable for leafy vegetables (such as cabbage, cabbage), hemp, etc., but should not be applied too much to taboo crops such as tobacco, potato, sweet potato and so on.

Barnyard manure refers to the manure made from the manure and straw padding of pigs, cattle, horses, sheep, chickens, ducks and other livestock and poultry, which is divided into livestock manure and poultry manure. Animal dung refers to pig dung, cow dung, horse dung, sheep dung and so on. Pig manure contains more nitrogen, cow manure contains the lowest organic matter and nutrients in all kinds of livestock, horse manure contains more cellulose and hemicellulose, sheep manure contains more organic matter than other livestock manure. Animal dung must be accumulated and mature before it can be used. Animal manure can be used as base fertilizer and topdressing, and it is best to use it as base fertilizer.

Poultry dung is the general name of chicken dung, duck dung, goose dung, pigeon dung and so on. Poultry manure is an organic fertilizer that is easy to rot. The nitrogen in poultry manure is mainly uric acid, which can not be directly absorbed and utilized by crops, and is harmful to crop root growth. At the same time, fresh poultry dung is easy to attract underground pests. Therefore, poultry manure should be accumulated and ripened before application. Rotten poultry manure can be used as base fertilizer, topdressing and seed fertilizer.

Composting is a kind of organic fertilizer made of organic matter such as crop straw, garbage, peat, green manure, mountain surface, turf and human and animal feces and urine. Compost is a complete fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, which is suitable for all kinds of crops, and because it can loosen the soil, it is best applied to root and tuber crops. Compost is a late-acting fertilizer, which should be used as base fertilizer, not as topdressing. As a base fertilizer, it is generally applied when turning the soil and preparing the soil, so that it continues to decompose and release nutrients in the soil for crops to absorb and use.

Retting fertilizer is a kind of fertilizer which is composed of crop straw, weeds, soil, garbage, human feces and urine, livestock manure and urine and decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms under flooded conditions. Compared with compost, retting compost is mature under relatively low temperature and anaerobic conditions, and the decomposition rate is slow, but the loss of organic matter and nitrogen is less, and the accumulation of humus is more. When applied, it is generally used as base fertilizer, and those with better maturity can also be concentrated in ditch and hole application.

Cake fertilizer is the residue of oil seeds after pressing oil, which can be directly used as fertilizer. Cake fertilizer is an organic fertilizer with high nitrogen content, and cake fertilizer can only be applied after fermentation. Cake fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer, and must be broken before application.

Plant ash refers to the ash left after the burning of crop straw, firewood, litter and so on. Plant ash is an alkaline fertilizer, which is most suitable for acid soil, and the general soil application is also very good. Plant ash contains more potassium carbonate and other forms of potassium, but also contains more calcium and phosphorus. Plant ash can be used as base fertilizer, topdressing and seed fertilizer. In general, plant ash should be used as base fertilizer in dry land, and paddy field can be divided into base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer. Crops that require a lot of potassium, such as sweet potatoes, potatoes, sugarcane and so on, apply 100-150 kg per mu.

Biogas digester fertilizer is a kind of quick-acting fertilizer, which contains more volatile ammonium nitrogen. If it is not applied properly, it is easy to lose fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, deep application should be advocated in the method of fertilization. Biogas digester manure can be directly used as topdressing for all kinds of crops and fruit trees, and can also be sprayed outside the root. Hole application, strip application and post-application were used for dryland crops, and deep application along furrow was used in paddy field to mix mud and fertilizer, reduce fertilizer loss and improve fertilizer use efficiency. The fertilizer residue of the biogas digester can be directly used as base fertilizer, if it continues to be compost for 1 month, the effect will be better.

There are many ways to improve the efficiency of farm manure, and the effect is obvious and worthy of praise. Here are several commonly used methods for reference.

Adding soybean milk to fresh cow dung:

When 2.5kg soybean milk was added to every 100kg of fresh cow dung, stirred evenly in a jar and sealed for 3 to 6 days at 25 ℃, the fertilizer efficiency was higher than that of the same amount of ammonia. Pay attention to the need for 2-3 times of water when topdressing.

The method of adding superphosphate to human feces and urine:

Add 5 kilograms of superphosphate to every 100 kilograms of human feces and urine, stir well and store for 5 days. Through chemical reaction, the volatile ammonium carbonate in human feces and urine can be converted into stable ammonium phosphate, which can effectively prevent the volatilization of nitrogen, increase the phosphorus in human feces and urine, improve the quality of fertilizer, and achieve the effect of protecting ammonia with phosphorus.

The method of adding ferrous sulfate (green alum) to human feces and urine:

The addition of 500 grams of ferrous sulfate per 100 kg of human feces and urine can convert ammonium carbonate in human feces and urine into stable ammonium sulfate, which can protect fertilizer and deodorize and prevent the loss of nitrogen volatilization.

Adding salt to human feces and urine:

Adding 5 kg of calcium superphosphate and 3 kg of salt to every 100 kg of human feces and urine, stirring thoroughly and fermenting for 10 days, can increase its nitrogen content. Pay attention to 2-3 times the amount of water when it is used for pouring.

Plant ash mixed with calcium superphosphate method:

Crush 1 kg of calcium superphosphate and add 2.5 kg of water to stir evenly to allow it to precipitate naturally; another 3 kg of plant ash and 5 kg of water are soaked for 1 hour, and finally filtered and mixed evenly to spray 50 kg of water, its effect is comparable to that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

Method of mixing calcium superphosphate in barnyard manure and compost:

Adding 20% calcium superphosphate to the compost and barnyard manure for 20-25 days can prevent the volatilization and loss of nitrogen in the stable manure, speed up the ripening process of the manure compost, increase the content of available phosphorus, and improve the quality of the barnyard manure and compost.

Retting compost with ammonium bicarbonate:

Cut the crop stalk into short segments 5 to 10 centimeters long, add ammonium bicarbonate, which accounts for 1% of the total mass of the stem, and then add an appropriate amount of human feces and urine to build a pile, then cover and seal with mud, and then become an efficient biological potash fertilizer after ripening.