Suitable sowing time of Cotton and matters needing attention (Xinjiang)

It is estimated that in 2017, the suitable sowing period of cotton in most cotton areas in southern and eastern Xinjiang is a little earlier, and that in the western part of southern Xinjiang is a little late. It is suitable to sow large areas in the south of Turpan Huoyan Mountain from March 29 to April 5, from April 5 to 15 in western Xinjiang and Aksu, from April 8 to 17 in Bazhou and north of Turpan Huoyan Mountain, and from April 12 to 20 in most cotton areas in Hami. The sowing date of cotton can be appropriately advanced by using the "dry sowing and wet sowing" sowing technology.

Production measures and suggestions

1. All cotton areas in southern and eastern Xinjiang should do a good job in cotton ploughing in advance, adjust measures to local conditions, combine local rolling weather forecasts, revise and refine the suitable sowing date of cotton in different climatic areas, and seize the right time to sow the whole seedling.

2. During the period of cotton sowing and emergence, there is a great possibility of strong wind and sand and dust weather. Each cotton area pays close attention to the weather forecast of meteorological stations at all levels and does a good job in dealing with meteorological disasters in advance.

Cotton sowing time is almost up. In order to ensure the sowing quality and ensure the whole seedling after a single sowing, cotton farmers should pay attention to the following points:

I. Deep ploughing of cultivated land

First of all, it is necessary to remove the residual sundries such as cotton wood and plastic film in the cotton field in order to reduce the pollution and diseases in the cotton field and create a good environment for the growth of cotton.

The cotton field should be ploughed deeply before sowing in order to break the bottom of the plough, break the soil consolidation, improve the soil properties and promote the growth of cotton root system. On the basis of producing sufficient soil moisture, intensive ploughing and fine harrowing should be carried out on the basis of 13-16 cm spring ploughing, and further soil preparation should be combined with fertilization. When raking the land, it is required to be "neat, flat, loose, broken, clean and moisture". Neat (neat planning, ploughing, raking and other mechanical operations, no gaps can be left on the edge or in the middle of the field), flat (after ploughing, raking, manual leveling, etc., to make the surface flat Soil surface without ridges and obvious pits), loose, broken (soil ploughing layer is loose, empty and solid, soil is fine, and there is no soil mass with a diameter of more than 2 cm on the surface), soil moisture (to plow when soil moisture is suitable, when soil moisture is loose, it is easy to prepare the soil, at the same time, the soil can maintain appropriate water content when sowing, which is conducive to seed germination and drought prevention and soil moisture conservation), net (no crop stubble, weeds, waste plastic film in the field).

Two points should be paid attention to in raking operation:

1. Now all wheeled high-horsepower locomotives rake the ground, so it is better to dry when raking the ground, because when the ground is wet and the wheel is pressed over the ground, it is easy to cause hardening, which is not conducive to seed emergence.

two。 When the raked land is waiting for sowing, it is best not to rake the ground if it is not raking heavily. It is easy to compact the ground with more operations, and it is not conducive to the emergence of seedlings after mixing the dry soil on the surface with the wet soil below. Raking the ground many times is also easy to make the surface too loose, and it is not conducive to emergence after sowing.

Rake the cotton field in time after ploughing, and the soil preparation should be completed 3-5 days before sowing.

Second, prepare improved varieties and seed treatment

1. Seed selection. In the selection and purchase of improved varieties, do not blindly pursue new special, high yield, according to their respective soil fertility, yield and management level to choose. The excellent cotton varieties with good insect resistance, strong growth potential, concentrated boll setting, easy management, early maturity but not premature senescence should be selected, and the excellent varieties suitable for local planting should be selected.

The selection of new cotton varieties should be carried out on the basis of experiment and demonstration, a small amount of trial planting should be carried out in the first year, and the planting should be expanded in the second year when the disease resistance, growth potential, boll setting and yield increase of the original varieties are higher than those of the original varieties.

The purchase of high-quality cotton seeds should go to the regular seed sector and choose high-quality seeds with good purity, high germination rate and guaranteed quality.

Please read the relevant contents of bingtuan plant protection.

two。 Dry the seeds. Seed drying can promote the ripening of seeds, accelerate the absorption of water and oxygen, improve the germination rate of seeds, sterilize and reduce diseases. Drying seeds can be carried out about 15 days before sowing, choose sunny days for 4-5 days, until hand-shaking seeds ring. Be careful not to dry the seeds on the cement ground or slate, lest the seeds lose too much water and form hard seeds and reduce the germination rate; while drying the seeds, we should remove the broken seeds, insect borer seeds, blighted seeds, abnormal seeds, etc., leaving full, sound and in line with the characteristics of this variety for seed use, in order to improve the purity, germination energy and germination rate of the seeds.

3. The germination rate of seeds was determined. The germination power and germination rate of cottonseed determine the number of emergence, good or bad, speed and sowing amount. Therefore, the germination energy and germination rate must be measured before sowing, and the germination rate is generally required to be more than 85% in production. The germination test is generally used to determine the germination rate. 100 ~ 200 seeds of cotton seeds soaked in enough water were kept at 25: 30 ℃. The percentage of germination on the 3rd day was the germination potential, and the percentage of germination on the 9th day was the germination rate.

Third, prepare pesticides

At present, coated seeds are generally used, there is no need to prepare insecticidal and germicidal pesticides, mainly to prepare herbicidal pesticides. Herbicide prepares 33% pendimethalin EC 160-180 ml per mu. Use it 2-5 days before sowing.

Requirements for herbicide operation:

When hitting herbicides, it is necessary to make sure that the sprinkler of the herbicide machine is not blocked, the spray is uniform, not heavy and does not leak, so as to avoid drug damage and is conducive to uniform seedling emergence.

IV. Preparation techniques

First of all, it is necessary to prepare the whole seedling sowing technology and grasp the appropriate sowing time; secondly, to prepare reasonable close planting techniques, and to determine the row-plant spacing according to the characteristics and soil fertility conditions of the selected varieties; the third is to prepare the pest control techniques at the seedling stage and apply the pest control methods from the beginning of sowing.

Cotton sowing operation requirements:

1. Sowing must be uniform and the hole rate is low.

two。 The soil cover is uniform and the depth is the same, and the film is tightly pressed, which is beneficial to the emergence and wind resistance of seeds.

3. The sowing end is straight, which is beneficial to the field mechanical operation and machine cleanliness.

Fifth, sowing seeds during the trial period

1. Sowing time: when the ground temperature of 5 cm under the film passes steadily through about 14 ℃, and the soil relative humidity is 65%-80%, the cottonseed can avoid the late frost after emergence, that is, the suitable sowing time. In order to strive for the effective growth period, we often use "sowing before frost and emergence after late frost".

two。 Sowing density: generally determined according to the requirements of selected varieties.

3. Sowing depth: determine the plant distance according to the selected density and ridge distance. The depth of shallow sowing is about 1.5 cm, and the covering of soil is not more than 2 cm.