Cultivation techniques of Lentinus edodes in spring and control techniques of common diseases and insect pests

The following points should be paid attention to when cultivating Lentinus edodes in spring:

1. Select blocks. Fully dry the pieces and tubes of Lentinus edodes with good bacteria, and choose non-polluting, complete pieces or tubes for treatment. if the old skin is too thick, you can scratch the bacteria until the hyphae heal.

2. Soak. Soaking pieces in hot water is an ideal method to promote buds of Lentinus edodes in spring. When soaking the pieces, heat the water to 33 ℃, then pour the shiitake mushroom pieces or mushroom canister into the pool, soak for 3-5 hours, if the water temperature drops, add boiling water, adjust the water temperature to 18 ℃-33 ℃, then remove the soaked shiitake mushrooms, place them on the mushroom field, cover them with plastic film to maintain their temperature, until there are buds on the pieces, and then ventilate. During the mushroom emergence period, if the temperature is low, you can directly spray 18 ℃-33 ℃ of hot water on the block, and then cover it with plastic film to increase the temperature of the environment in the film to facilitate the normal growth of Lentinus edodes.

3. Harvest of Lentinus edodes and nutritional supplement of Lentinus edodes. The soaked piece should continue to keep warm after being covered with thin film, and the mushroom bud can arch out the mushroom mass very quickly, so as to strengthen the ventilation and raise the temperature. The first crop of mushrooms can be picked in 10-17 days. after picking, remove the film and let the pieces of shiitake mushrooms dry for 7-15 days, and then soak them in hot water for the second time. After picking the second crop of mushrooms, the pieces of Lentinus edodes should be supplemented with certain nutrients. Commonly used nutrients are: triacontanol solution, 30ppm lemon solution, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and glucose solution, less than 0.2% urea, soybean milk, rice washing water, mushroom auxin, and so on.

Common diseases and insect pests of Lentinus edodes include miscellaneous bacteria, insect pests and diseases. It is the great enemy in the production of Lentinus edodes, which directly affects the effectiveness of seed production and cultivation. Therefore, to adhere to the principle of "giving priority to prevention and combining prevention and control", once diseases and insect pests are found, it is necessary to seriously analyze the causes and take prevention and control measures as soon as possible to completely eliminate or restrain their spread. When chemical control is really needed, it should be carried out before the mushroom is produced or after the mushroom has been picked, and must not be sprayed directly on the mushroom body, so as not to affect human health.

I. Prevention and control of common miscellaneous bacteria

1. Green Trichoderma:

Trichoderma is one of the most common and harmful competitive bacteria in the production of Lentinus edodes. The hyphae of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grow densely, initially white, gradually produce green spores, and the center of the colony is dark green, which will make the medium all dark green.

Green mold is suitable for growing in 15-30 ℃ temperature and slightly acidic environment. Green mold competes with Lentinus edodes hyphae for nutrients. Seriously, the medium turns green, stinks and softens, resulting in rotten sticks.

Prevention and control methods: remove the source of miscellaneous bacteria, keep ventilation for a long time, purify the environment; keep the mushroom shed dry; the water content of the culture medium is properly dry; timely inoculation; the use of formaldehyde and other acidic drugs should not be too long, so as not to cause acidic environment; when inoculating, strictly follow aseptic operation; stack bags to prevent high temperature; prevent excessive water spraying during the period of bag release, and pay attention to ventilation in the mushroom shed.

Once the bacteria are found, they should be eliminated immediately, and if the bacteria stick is used, the affected parts are injected with a mixture of 2% formaldehyde and 5% carbonic acid or 1% methylene thiophanate, 0.1% methyl topiramate, 0.1% dichromate zinc and so on. If found after taking off the bag, smear the affected area and its surroundings with 0.2% carbendazim solution, and then coat the affected area with 5% lime water the next day. If more than 1x3 is invaded, the infected part is removed with a knife, and the incision is smeared or soaked in 500 times Bordeaux solution.

2. Alternaria: commonly known as red bread mold, it is one of the most common miscellaneous bacteria, which is white at first, fluffy after powder, and changes from light yellow to orange.

Alternaria is a soil microorganism, which germinates and spreads rapidly in the case of humidity at 25Mel 30 ℃. It is the main harmful bacteria in the inoculation and sporulation period, and its transmission ability is very strong.

Prevention and control methods: strict control of pollution sources. Raw materials should choose fresh sawdust, wheat bran, etc.; plastic bags should pick out microporous bags; remove surrounding garbage; add 50% carbendazim when batching, mix well according to 0.1% Mel 0.2%; culture medium should be sterilized thoroughly, and inoculation should be sterilized with alcohol mixed with carbendazim wipe bag; sterilization place should be dry and clean; excessive water spraying should be prevented during mushroom removal, and ventilation should be paid attention to.

Once it is found that such strain pollution, immediately eliminate; if the bacteria stick occurs when the bag heat scattered lime powder; at the same time, use diesel oil to smear the affected area, do not litter the contaminated space.

II. Control of common insect pests

1. Jumping insects: after entering the high temperature and high humidity season in May, the biggest pest of mushroom production is jumping insects that directly affect the export. Jumping insects are black and gray, which occurs in the environment of high temperature above 25 ℃ and humidity above 85%. The control measures are as follows: reduce the temperature of the greenhouse and reduce the humidity (about 40% water content in the bacteria stick tube); put 80% dichlorvos 1000 times solution mixed with several drops of honey on the ground; 50% phoxim diluted into 500x solution spray poisoning; 0.1% rattan essence or 200x solution pyrethrum solution spray kill (enemy kill also) The ground and walls are sprinkled with lime powder; some weeds in the shed are sprayed and killed.

2. Nematodes: the nematodes harmful to Lentinus edodes are mainly small rod nematodes, pink, like earthworms, about 1 mm in length, mainly from culture materials and water sources.

Prevention and control methods: the culture medium should be sterilized thoroughly, the water source should be clean, the water should not be too wet, and should be ventilated frequently. When nematodes occur, spray with 5% lime water or 1% salt water several times, and at the same time sprinkle lime powder on the ground for disinfection.

III. Prevention and control of common diseases

1. Deformed Pleurotus ostreatus: Pleurotus ostreatus-Pleurotus ostreatus-stalk is thick and short, and the cover is thick. the main reason is that the high temperature varieties are made late and are formed under the influence of low temperature. the main control measures are that the selected varieties should meet the requirements of temperature and arrange the production season reasonably. Pleurotus ostreatus-Pleurotus ostreatus-the stalk is hollow and soft, the cap is small, and the mushroom is dense and clustered, which is caused by serious water loss of mushroom tube, low air humidity and high temperature, which leads to the dehydration of young mushroom. The main prevention and control measures are to replenish water in time after picking a tide of mushrooms, so as to move startled buds to replenish water. The cover of Pleurotus ostreatus-mushroom cover is the size of field snail, because the physiology of high temperature variety is not yet mature and buds out mushroom at low temperature; the physiology of low temperature variety is not yet mature and buds out mushroom at high temperature; there are too many nitrogen sources in the culture material. The prevention and control measures are mainly symptomatic treatment, find out the cause of the disease, arrange the mushroom production period, remove the snail cover mushroom in time to maintain the mushroom, and wait for the appropriate temperature to produce mushroom.

2. Withered mushroom: the phenomenon of decay appeared in the mushroom bud stage, mainly due to excessive humidity in the mushroom shed, miscellaneous bacteria invaded and caused rotten mushroom, some viral damage caused mycelium degradation, resulting in fruiting body decay, high carbon dioxide content and so on. Prevention and control methods: adjust the temperature, do not suffer from high temperature; control humidity, the relative humidity of mushroom shed is about 90%, and the water content of bacteria stick is about 60%; regular inspection, root removal, local application of lime water or bromogeramine.