Fertilizer requirement characteristics, High yield fertilization Technology and time of Bamboo shoot in China

Bamboo shoots have been regarded as "treasures in dishes" in China since ancient times. Bamboo shoots are a traditional Chinese delicacy with a crispy taste and a long history of eating and cultivation. So what are the characteristics of fertilizer demand for bamboo shoots and the technology and time of high yield fertilization in China? Bamboo shoots need to continuously absorb nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other mineral nutrients from the soil. According to the research, for every 1000 kg of fresh bamboo shoots, about 57.7kg of nitrogen, 1.5kg of phosphorus and 2.5kg of potassium are absorbed.

The temperature gradually picked up in early spring and February, and the bamboo shoots grew faster and were unearthed one after another, which was the period when the bamboo forest consumed a lot of nutrients. After the new bamboo grew, the growth of the bamboo forest changed from the aboveground part to the underground part, which was the beginning of a new cycle of bamboo forest growth. During this period, a large number of bamboo shoots were excavated, the new bamboo forest was grown, the old bamboo leaves were changed, and the nutrients were significantly increased, which was the key period for fertilization. In September, a large number of bamboo shoots began to differentiate and continue to absorb fertilizer; in December, the growth of bamboo forest was slow, and organic fertilizer was still needed to promote the growth of underground bamboo shoots and to provide nutrients for early emergence and high yield of bamboo shoots in the coming year.

The yield and quality of bamboo shoots depend on the growth and nutrient accumulation of the bamboo forest itself. The application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer has an obvious effect on the yield of bamboo shoots. Nitrogen fertilizer can increase the yield by promoting the ontogeny of bamboo shoots, and the shoot emergence is early and the shooting period is also prolonged; phosphorus fertilizer can increase the shooting rate or directly promote the formation of bamboo shoots and increase the number of bamboo shoots, but the application of phosphate fertilizer is often delayed; potassium fertilizer is helpful to improve the quality. According to the investigation, the bamboo forest generally applies fertilizer four times a year.

The first fertilization is in March, which is called "shoot promoting fertilizer" or "shoot growth fertilizer". Fertilization in this period can prolong the shooting period, increase the bamboo shoot weight per plant, improve the yield and quality of bamboo shoots, and the rate of new bamboo. Generally, we mainly apply urea and other available nitrogen fertilizer, accounting for about 10% of the annual fertilization, applying 25 kg of urea for every 667 square meters, and applying to water holes.

The second fertilization is in June, which is called "postpartum fertilizer" or "raw whip fertilizer". It is mainly to rapidly replenish bamboo nutrients and restore bamboo growth. This fertilizer is mainly available fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are used together. The amount of fertilizer applied accounts for about 35% of the amount of fertilizer applied in the whole year. Generally, 25 kg of urea, 500 kg of pig manure, 15 kg of potassium chloride and 50 kg of calcium superphosphate are applied every 667 meters, and the fertilizer is spread on the surface and then turned deep into the soil. Barnyard manure and other organic manure should be rotten before application to facilitate the rapid absorption of bamboo forest and reduce the occurrence of underground pests.

The third fertilization is in September, which is called "promoting bamboo shoot fertilizer". At this time, we often encounter dry weather, in order to reduce the drought of bamboo forest and promote the differentiation of bamboo shoots, it is appropriate to use low concentration liquid fertilizer or solid chemical fertilizer plus water to facilitate the full absorption of bamboo forest, and it is not suitable to apply organic fertilizer such as large barnyard manure and compost deeply. Organic fertilizer should not be applied on the surface of bamboo forest to prevent bamboo forest from warping whip and shallow whip, which is disadvantageous to bamboo growth. This fertilization, the average person feces and urine 1000 kg of water 2 times 4 times. Bamboo shoot fertilizer accounts for 15% of the total fertilizer application in the whole year.

The fourth fertilization is in December, which is called "warm fertilizer" or "pregnant bamboo shoot fertilizer". At this time, the growth of bamboo forest is slow, so it is appropriate to apply large organic fertilizer such as barnyard manure and compost, which does not need to mature and is directly applied on the surface of bamboo forest to make use of fermentation heat to improve soil temperature. The amount of fertilizer applied accounts for about 40% of the total fertilizer for the whole year. Combined with adding soil, 2-2.5 tons of barnyard manure such as pigs and cattle are applied every 667 meters. Because the bamboo shoots rely on the mother bamboo to absorb nutrients, so fertilization should be applied at 0.5 ~ 1 meter around the 3 ~ 5-year-old mother bamboo.