Characteristics of fertilizer requirement, high yield fertilization technology and time of sesame in China

The characteristics of fertilizer demand and high yield fertilization technology and time of sesame in China: Sesame is a crop that needs more fertilizer. It is determined that for every 100 kg of sesame seeds, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are 6.2-8.2 kg, 2.0-2.7 kg and 4.4-6.7 kg respectively. There are great differences in nutrient absorption in different growth stages.

The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed at the seedling stage accounted for 12.3%, 6.5% and 11.2% of the total growth and absorption, respectively, which was mainly used for the growth of leaves, stems and roots. From budding to early flowering, the growth of sesame was accelerated, but the increase of nutrient absorption was small. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 17.5%, 13.6% and 17.0% of the total absorption, respectively. In the full flowering stage, the stems and leaves grow fastest, and a large number of buds and capsules are formed. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounts for 43.9%, 34.0% and 49.4%, respectively. After full flowering, the sesame enters the mature stage, the growth of vegetative organs such as stems and leaves slows down, the seeds in the capsule form and tend to mature, oil or protein accumulates in the seeds, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are still absorbed by 26.3%, 45.9% and 22.4% respectively during the mature period. maintaining appropriate nutrients can maintain metabolism in the body and prevent plant premature senescence.

According to the characteristics of high fertilizer demand and short growth period of sesame, base fertilizer should be applied again, generally, 1-1.5 tons of high-quality organic fertilizer should be applied every 667 square meters, and 5 kg of nitrogen, 5 kg of phosphorus and 5 kg of potassium should be applied according to soil conditions. Because sesame is a shallow root crop, it is suitable for shallow and centralized application of base fertilizer. The topdressing of sesame should adhere to the principle of early application of seedling fertilizer, re-application before flowering and supplementary application at flowering stage. Seedling fertilizer is generally applied after the seedling is fixed; on the contrary, it should be applied early. Topdressing at flowering stage is the key, which can be applied twice or once according to the status of soil fertilizer conservation. If applied once, it should be applied at the early flowering stage; twice, it can be applied at budding and early flowering (mainly) and when flowering and fruiting (supplementary application). The application amount is generally 5kg of urea and 5kg of potash fertilizer per 667 square meters, combined with ploughing and soil cultivation, concentrated strip application or hole application. In the later stage of sesame growth, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed on the leaf, which could increase the capsule, seed setting rate and oil content, and was sprayed every 5 to 7 days.

Note: Sesame, also known as fat flax and flax (scientific name: Sesamum indicum), is the seed of flax, annual erect herb, 60-150cm high. It is found in tropical and temperate regions of the world. Sesame is one of the main oil crops in China, which has high application value. Its seeds contain up to 55% oil. Since ancient times, China has been famous for many kinds of food and delicacies made from sesame and sesame oil.

Sesame is called the crown of eight grains. Sesame is a kind of oil crop, the extracted oil is called sesame oil, flax oil, sesame oil, characterized by mellow smell, raw and hot use.