Characteristics of fertilizer requirement and fertilization techniques and time for superior yield of sugar beet in China

The characteristics of fertilizer requirement and high yield fertilization technology and time of sugarbeet in China: sugarbeet is an important sugar crop, which is the vegetative growth stage from spring sowing to autumn root harvest, during this period, the root system is developed, the leaves are luxuriant, the yield per unit area is high, and the nutrient requirement is large. In the second year, the period from spring planting to seed harvest was the stage of reproductive growth, and the nutrient absorption decreased relatively. According to the study, per 1000 kg root tuber of spring sowing sugarbeet needs to absorb 3.9 ~ 5.5kg of nitrogen, 1.3kg of phosphorus, 5.4kg of potassium and 3.5kg of nitrogen, 1.0kg of phosphorus and 4.6kg of potassium. Obviously, sugarbeet needs a lot of nitrogen and potassium, especially potassium, which exceeds nitrogen, which should be considered when applying fertilizer.

The amount of nutrient uptake of sugarbeet was different in different growth stages, and there were also differences in nutrient absorption between root production stage and seed production stage. In the stage of root tuber production, less nutrients were absorbed in the seedling stage, accounting for only about 15% of the total. The key period for the formation of aboveground vegetative organs and underground storage organs was the period of leaf clump growth and root sugar growth, and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients increased rapidly. During the root sugar growth period, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounted for 71.9%, 49.5% and 53.5% of the total absorption, respectively. Although the absorption of nutrients decreased in the period of sugar accumulation, it still maintained a certain amount, which provided nutrients for the synthesis and transformation of sugar. For the seed production stage, the early nutrients are provided by the mother plant, and the absorption peak is mainly before and after bolting, which is the key period of fertilization.

Sugarbeet fertilization is different in root production stage and seed production stage. In root production stage, fertilization mainly includes base fertilizer, seed fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer. The amount of base fertilizer varies with yield level, soil conditions and so on. Generally, the yield of 2 roots per 667 meters is 1 700 kg, and 1. 7% organic fertilizer should be applied. 2.7 tons, turned into the soil before sowing. When seed fertilizer is used during sowing, about 0.7 kg of nitrogen, 1.0 kg of phosphorus and 0.7 kg of potassium are used every 667 m 2 to avoid direct contact with seeds. Topdressing fertilizer per 667 square meters nitrogen 4kg, phosphorus 4kg, potassium 5kg, twice topdressing is better. The first application was after seedling setting, and the second was combined with mid-tillage before ridge sealing, and extra-root topdressing could be used to supplement nutrients in the later stage.

Sugarbeet seed production stage should also apply sufficient base fertilizer, every 667 square meters can apply 1-2 tons of organic bar, 20-30 kg of calcium superphosphate and 10 kg of potassium chloride. The effect of mixed application of calcium superphosphate 5kg / 667 square meters and mature organic fertilizer 250 kg / 667 square meters is better. Topdressing was applied before bolting, applying nitrogen fertilizer (N) 7 kg / 667 m 2. In the later stage, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used for foliar spraying. Spraying 0.1%-0.2% borax solution before bolting can improve yield and quality.