The Development Plan of protected vegetables in Anhui Province during the 13th five-year Plan

According to the overall spirit and requirements of the National key Regional Development Plan for protected vegetables (2015-2020) issued by the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture, and combined with the current situation of industrial development, we formulate the "13th five-year Plan for the Development of protected vegetables in Anhui Province".

I. present situation of production

Our province is one of the top ten major vegetable producing provinces and one of the five main greenhouse vegetable producing areas in the country. After more than 30 years of development, the facility vegetable industry has made great achievements. In 2015, the planting area of protected vegetables in the province was 5.3 million mu, including 3.2 million mu in large and medium sheds, 1.9 million mu in small sheds, 100000 mu in greenhouse, with a total output of 15.5 million tons and an output value of 35 billion yuan. Protected vegetables account for 32.5% of the sown area of melons and vegetables in the province, 43% of the total output of vegetables and 62% of the total output value of vegetables. The greenhouse vegetables in our province are mainly arranged according to the structural types of stubble and vegetable species, and most of them are cultivated in advance of spring and delayed in autumn. The main types of vegetables include eggplant fruits, melons, legumes, cabbages, cabbages, onions and garlic, leafy vegetables, edible fungi and so on. Among them, eggplant fruit accounted for 45%, leaf vegetables accounted for 27%, melons accounted for 10%, root vegetables accounted for 10%, onions and garlic accounted for 5%, cabbage accounted for 2%, and edible fungi accounted for 1%. In 2015, the total domestic sales of protected vegetables in the province was 8.1 million tons, and the total amount of foreign transfers was 7.4 million tons, accounting for 52.5% and 47.5% respectively. The main place of transfer is the "Yangtze River Delta" area.

The development of facility vegetable industry has not only solved the problem of annual balanced supply of vegetables, but also accelerated the modernization of agriculture, improved the efficiency of resource utilization, promoted the employment of urban and rural labor force, and increased farmers' income. it has made historic contributions to promoting the development of county economy. However, due to the relatively weak economic foundation of farmers in our province, coupled with the support measures and incentive mechanisms are not fully in place and other reasons, compared with the whole country and neighboring vegetable provinces, there are still many weak links.

First, the lack of overall planning and scientific guidance. The development of facility vegetable industry in various places is blind and random, paying attention to scale expansion, neglecting quality and benefit, convergence of facility types, cultivation system, crop types and cultivation technology structure, and regional characteristics and comparative advantages have not been brought into full play.

Second, the design and construction of facilities is not standard. The design and construction of facility vegetable production park are lack of standards, and there are a variety of facility types and structures in the same area. Some areas blindly copy the structural types of facilities in other provinces and fail to carry out scientific design according to the local geographical location and environment.

Third, the supporting facilities are not perfect. The planning and design of the park is unscientific, the field layout is unreasonable, the water and electricity roads are not matched, the level of equipment is not high, the ability to regulate and control the microclimate environment such as temperature, light, water and gas is insufficient, the degree of mechanization is low, and the labor intensity is high. the phenomenon of blindly introducing foreign varieties, foreign technology and foreign personnel is more prominent.

Fourth, technical services are lagging behind. The operation mechanism of the production base is not perfect, attach importance to the subsidies for the construction of hardware facilities, and ignore the software investment such as technical extension services. The special varieties are insufficient, the seedling supply rate of intensive seedling raising is low, the cultivation technique system of high quality, high yield and high efficiency is not complete, the prenatal, mid-production and post-natal service system is not perfect, and the rate of technical promotion is not high.

II. Analysis of industrial advantages and market prospects

With the continuous growth of population, the further promotion of urbanization, and the continuous improvement of vegetable commodity quality and supply balance, the demand for vegetables in our province will continue to grow rigidly for a period of time in the future. At the same time, with the social and economic development and the improvement of people's living standards, people's demand for facility vegetables will also increase correspondingly. In addition to the cold protection production of facility vegetables in winter, the production of sunshade and rain shelter vegetables in summer and rainy season will be further increased to increase vegetable production under adverse conditions.

The advantages of developing facility vegetables in our province are as follows: first, the natural conditions are superior. The annual average temperature is between 14 ℃ and 17 Mel, and the average sunshine is 1800 mi 2500 hours, which is suitable for growing many kinds of vegetables. Especially in the winter protected cultivation season, the temperature and sunshine hours are higher and longer than those in the north. Second, the location advantage is obvious. Our province is close to the "Yangtze River Delta" region with Shanghai as the center, and has the unique location advantages of connecting the east to the west and Lianjiang offshore. With Hefei as the center and around Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Nanchang and other large and medium-sized cities with convenient transportation, the urban and rural population accounts for more than 1/3 of the country's population, and the vegetable consumption market has great potential. Third, there are sufficient labor resources. Facility vegetables are labor-intensive industries, and the rural labor force in our province can meet the needs of vegetable production and promote the local transfer of rural labor force. At the same time, the labor cost of our province is not high, and the production cost and price of facility vegetables will maintain a long competitive advantage.

III. Guiding ideology, basic principles and development goals

(1) guiding ideology. Firmly establish the concept of green growth and development, adhere to the principle of ecological priority, take market demand as the guide, product quality as the basis, and improving the overall production capacity of facility vegetables as the core. Take regional layout, standardized production, large-scale development and industrial management as the content, strengthen the scientific and technological drive of vegetables, promote high-quality and efficient planting models, focus on developing ecological gardens, and promote the scientific use of safe inputs. Promote the upgrading of existing facilities, optimization of variety structure, improvement of quality, product safety, increased efficiency, enhanced competitiveness and stable market supply. We will speed up the formation of a development pattern of the overall planning of grain economy and feeding, the combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, the integration of planting and breeding, and the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries.

(2) basic principles. First, the principle of adapting measures to local conditions. According to the local climatic conditions and the level of economic development, the scale and speed of development should be in line with the conditions of talents, technology, funds, and other factors, so as to avoid blindly leading development. The second is the principle of rational use of resources. Adhere to giving priority to efficiency and rational use of natural resources, select areas with good basic conditions and strong resource advantages, fully tap production potential, and form regional industrial advantages. The third is the principle of relying on science and technology. Facility vegetables are widely used to produce new equipment, new materials, new varieties, new fertilizers, new seedlings and new models to improve the scientific and technological quality of farmers and enhance the scientific and technological content and yield level of facility vegetables. Fourth, pay attention to the principle of overall planning of grain and vegetables. Vigorously promote the ecological cultivation of grain and vegetable rotation, make scientific and rational use of soil fertility, cultivation season, cultivation model and green prevention and control of diseases and insect pests to develop stable grain and efficient vegetable production.

(3) Development goals. In accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture's "National key area Development Plan for protected vegetables (2015-2020)" and "Anhui Province's 13th five-year Plan for vegetable Industry Development", actively build facility vegetable industry and strive to achieve the following goals:

-- appropriately expand the scale of facilities. Focus on the development of facility vegetable production in the main producing areas such as northern Anhui, Jianghuai, along the Yangtze River, southern Anhui and the middle and outer suburbs of the city. By 2020, the province will add 1.5 million mu of plastic greenhouses and solar greenhouses, upgrade and transform 5.3 million mu, with a total area of 6.8 million mu, with an output of 21.5 million tons, accounting for more than 40% of the sown area of melons and vegetables in the province.

Improve product quality in an all-round way. We will vigorously promote standardized production and green prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, comprehensively improve the commodity quality of vegetables in facilities, the qualified rate of product testing in large-scale bases has reached more than 98%, and exported vegetables have reached the inspection standards for export quality and safety. the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has achieved zero growth.

-- strive to improve the utilization rate of resources. The utilization rate of solar energy, land, water resources, chemical fertilizers and pesticides have been increased by more than 10%, 20%, 30%, 10% and 10%, respectively. Agricultural wastes have been effectively treated and utilized.

-- vigorously promote the increase of farmers' income. By 2020, the total output value of protected vegetables in the province will exceed 48 billion yuan, accounting for more than 30% of the per capita net income of farmers in major producing areas and more than 40% of the per capita net income of farmers in key producing areas. The labor productivity of protected vegetables has been increased by more than 50%.

IV. Regional layout

(1) greenhouse vegetable producing areas in northern Anhui. It mainly includes Yicheng District, Miqiao District, Yingzhou District, Yingquan District, Xiangshan District, Funan, Dangshan, Xiao County, Suixi, Mengcheng, Woyang, Linquan and other counties. By 2020, the sown area of protected vegetables in this area will increase from 2.55 million mu to 3.3 million mu, a net increase of 750000 mu. The area should highlight the transformation and upgrading of shed type, avoid blind copying, develop wide-body standardized steel frame greenhouse, promote energy-saving solar greenhouse with structural standards in line with the local natural environment, develop and introduce new greenhouse types and new materials, and gradually eliminate small and medium-sized bamboo and wood sheds with poor thermal insulation performance. It is necessary to make full use of the advantages of better light conditions in winter and spring, strengthen heat storage, increase mild heat preservation and prevent cold in winter, and increase light intensity and time as much as possible. Main types: eggplant fruits, melons, legumes, cabbages, leafy vegetables and other warm fruits and vegetables are planted in solar greenhouse, intercropping and interplanting are promoted to make full use of space. Grow eggplant fruits, melons, beans, root vegetables, onions and garlic, cabbages, green leafy vegetables, warm fruits and vegetables, golden needles, strawberries and other vegetables in large and medium plastic sheds. Commercial cultivation of melons and vegetables is the main method in multi-span greenhouse. The products fully meet the pollution-free standards, and some realize the standards of green food and organic food. The target market is mainly the off-season market in winter and spring in local and North China, Central China and "Yangtze River Delta" region.

(2) Jianghuai big shed vegetable producing area. It mainly includes Baohe District, Luyang District, Huaishang District, Panji District, Tianjiaan District, Yu'an District, Nanfeng District, Feidong, Lujiang, Fengtai, Shouxian, Huaiyuan, Changfeng, Shucheng, Lai'an and other counties. By 2020, the sown area of protected vegetables in this area will increase from 1.8 million mu to 2.25 million mu, a net increase of 450000 mu. The production of large and medium plastic sheds is the main production in this region, and the development of facility vegetables has the advantages of short market distance, timely supply, fresh products, good economic benefits, and the use of idle rural labor resources in winter. The area should focus on the annual balanced supply of provincial capital cities and local markets, focusing on creating an urban vegetable and fruit base for leisure and sightseeing picking. We will vigorously promote standardized steel greenhouses, appropriately build multi-span greenhouses and greenhouses, strengthen the basic construction of base ditches, canals, roads, water, electricity and pumping stations, and improve the level of mechanization and automation of vegetables and the ability to regulate and control the environment of facilities. to achieve diversified production, professional management, large-scale development. The comprehensive application rate of new technologies, new materials and new varieties in vegetable production should reach more than 90%, and the main products should be packaged and graded step by step to meet the needs of market supply and quality safety. Main species: in winter and spring, it is appropriate to use multi-layer mulching methods such as small arch greenhouse and plastic film mulching to keep warm, planting eggplant fruits, melons, legumes, green leafy vegetables and warm fruits and vegetables such as potatoes, strawberries and okra. In summer, sunshade cooling, insect prevention net isolation, plastic film rain shelter cultivation, mainly cabbage, green leaf vegetables, edible fungi cultivation, focus on solving the "shortage" period of market supply. New multi-span greenhouses or greenhouses will focus on the intensive breeding of vegetables.

(3) large shed vegetable producing areas along the river. It mainly includes Yushan District, Jiujiang District, Yixiu District, Guichi District, Yi'an District, Hexian County, Wuwei, Huaining, Fanchang, Dongzhi, Susong and other counties. By 2020, the sown area of protected vegetables in this area will increase from 850000 mu to 1.1 million mu, a net increase of 250000 mu. The area should adapt to the climatic characteristics of high temperature, more overcast and rainy days and less sunshine, mainly popularize the standardized steel greenhouse with a span of about 8 meters, and focus on the introduction and promotion of horticultural machinery to realize the mechanization of the key links of vegetable production. At present, on the basis of standardizing design, manufacturing and construction, and strengthening engineering and technical training for new operators, we should appropriately promote the second generation of compound solar greenhouse independently developed by Hexian County. The area should face the "Yangtze River Delta" market, take ecological green as the starting point, create an ecological demonstration zone for green vegetables, develop a standardized production base for green food raw materials, and create an industrial belt model for high-quality green vegetables. Gradually form "one village, one product" or "one village, one product". Main planting types: using standardized steel greenhouse, adopting multi-layer covering method, planting temperature-loving fruits and vegetables such as eggplant fruits, melons, legumes, green leafy vegetables, etc. At the same time, speed up the construction of regional vegetable brands, speed up the upgrading of the vegetable industry, and expand the production scale of traditional autumn extension cultivation of high-quality chili peppers and tomatoes and muskmelons in early spring.

(4) large shed vegetable producing areas in southern Anhui. It mainly includes Tunxi District, Huizhou District, Xuanzhou District, Ningguo, Shitai, Qingyang, Jixi, Langxi and other counties. By 2020, the sown area of protected vegetables in this area will increase from 150000 mu to 200000 mu, with a net increase of 50, 000 mu. Mainly supplied by Huangshan and Jiuhuashan tourism market. Make full use of all kinds of agricultural festivals such as ecological environment, beautiful countryside, farming culture and folk customs to develop a characteristic vegetable ecological sightseeing picking park and build a vegetable melon and fruit base for the application of new technology, demonstration and promotion, agricultural ecology, tourism and leisure. The types of facilities in this area are plastic large and medium-sized sheds, sunshades and anti-insect nets, and multi-span greenhouses or greenhouses are moderately developed in the suburbs. We will simultaneously increase the popularization and application of new varieties of special and disease-resistant vegetables, and popularize new mulching materials such as EVA film, purple film, light conversion film and so on. Main planting types: eggplant fruits, melons, kale, beans and other warm melons in winter and spring, cool vegetables such as cabbages and green leafy vegetables covered with sunshades and insect-proof nets in summer, and intensive seedlings in multi-span greenhouses or greenhouses. At the same time, the production of traditional edible mushrooms such as Lentinus edodes, Agaricus auricula, Agaricus bisporus, Flammulina velutipes and Xiuzhen mushrooms can be expanded by making use of excellent ecological environment and resources.

V. key tasks

(1) readjusting and optimizing the structure of vegetable industry. The first is to adjust the regional layout structure. Make clear the industrial advantages and development orientation of facility vegetables in different regions of northern Anhui, Jianghuai, along the Yangtze River and south of the Yangtze River, strive to create vegetable industry clusters oriented to the "Yangtze River Delta", and establish a number of superior vegetable producing areas of more than 10,000 mu. We will strengthen the construction of infrastructure such as ditches, canals, roads, water, electricity and pumping stations in the park to realize drought irrigation and waterlogging energy drainage and production and transportation to Tian Tou. The second is to adjust the structure of production facilities. Popularize standardized steel greenhouses, promote energy-saving solar greenhouses according to local conditions, speed up the upgrading of production equipment, limit the development of low-level facilities, and improve the level of mechanization and automation of vegetables and the ability to regulate and control the environment of facilities. The third is to adjust the structure of species and varieties. According to the regional climate, production resources, production mode, planting tradition and other characteristics, strengthen the breeding, introduction and screening of new varieties. During the 13th five-year Plan period, more than 30 high-quality melon and vegetable varieties with strong stress resistance were promoted every year, and the coverage rate of improved vegetable varieties in the province reached about 95%.

(2) demonstration and promotion of green ecological security technology. First, popularize ecological cultivation techniques such as crop rotation and high temperature greenhouse to improve acidified soil and prevent secondary salinization of vegetable garden. To control the pollution of plastic film in facilities. The second is to promote the technology of green prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. We will vigorously promote frequency vibrating insecticidal lamps, color plates, sex attractants, insect prevention nets and biological pesticides, and promote comprehensive prevention and control of agricultural control, biological control, physical control and ecological control. Optimize the types of integrated pesticides, pay attention to rotation, alternate use, accurate use and safe use. The third is to popularize the technology of integrating water and fertilizer. Demonstrate and popularize the fertilization techniques of drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation under plastic film, promote the application of the technology of integration of water and fertilizer, and improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizer and water resources. Fourth, popularize intelligent agriculture. We will demonstrate the establishment of large plant factories such as full-brake greenhouses in large and medium-sized cities such as Hefei, promote the application of Internet of things technology, improve the level of modern equipment for vegetable production, and promote intelligent, accurate and networked vegetable production in facilities. During the 13th five-year Plan period, the province demonstrated and promoted more than 20 high-quality and efficient production models every year.

(3) to carry out actions to promote the green ecological cycle. We will actively develop efficient and ecological comprehensive cultivation of vegetables in facilities, vigorously develop the production of edible fungi based on crop straw, and expand the utilization of biogas slurry and biogas dregs. According to local conditions, promote ecological cycle models such as "pig-marsh-vegetable", "high-quality and efficient planting of tomato and rice rotation in greenhouse" and "straw reactor technology in solar greenhouse", so as to realize the efficient agro-ecological cycle of plant production, animal transformation and microbial reduction. During the 13th five-year Plan period, more than 10 green ecological cycle demonstration bases will be built every year.

(4) to promote the establishment of a standard facility vegetable garden. With the integration of projects, funds and technical strength, we will continue to create a number of facility vegetable standard gardens with large-scale cultivation, standardized production, commercial treatment, brand sales and industrial management in the superior vegetable producing areas of our province. Strengthen the demonstration, leading and radiation-driven role of the standard park, and focus on displaying new varieties, new technologies, new models and new equipment of vegetables. During the 13th five-year Plan period, 30 national standard parks and 50 provincial standard parks were created every year in the province. The production capacity and benefit level of all standard parks are more than 20% higher than that of the whole province.

(5) develop intensive green seed and seedling industry. Formulate seedling technical regulations, precision sowing, seedling protection transportation and other related supporting technologies, build seedling substrate and special seedling production line, solve the key techniques such as watermelon, muskmelon, tomato, pepper, cucumber and other key techniques in winter and spring, and improve the supply capacity and market share of high-quality green seedlings. Every year, 10 intensive vegetable seedling farms with a seedling raising capacity of 500-10 million plants will be established, each with a scale of not less than 4000 square meters. During the 13th five-year Plan period, the annual intensive seedling raising in the province exceeded 1 billion, and the commercial seedling supply rate accounted for more than 20%, reaching the national advanced level.

(6) to strengthen the supervision of the quality and safety of vegetable products. Revise and improve the technical specifications and operating rules for facility vegetable production, improve the standardization system, and promote standardized production. Focusing on the facility vegetable standard garden and large-scale production base, we will build a number of high-quality and safe vegetable production bases, special raw material bases for green food, and export bases for special foreign exchange-earning vegetables. We will step up inspection and testing of key areas, key varieties and important nodes, and encourage production enterprises to carry out self-disciplined testing of agricultural residues. Establish a traceable, interconnected and shared vegetable quality and safety traceability information system, and carry out pilot demonstration of quality and safety traceability, including the establishment of producer codes, origin codes, product codes, and standardizing packaging markings, to achieve traceability and query of product quality and safety information. During the 13th five-year Plan period, the facility vegetable standard garden and large-scale production base all realized quality and safety traceability.

(7) to optimize and strengthen the brand of green ecological vegetables. First, speed up the development of "three grades and one standard" of vegetables. Highlight standardized production, highlight the whole process quality control, highlight ecological and environmental protection, and take the lead in achieving full coverage of pollution-free production in facility vegetable standard gardens and large-scale production bases. We will promote the construction of standardized production bases for green food raw materials, create a number of organic vegetable demonstration bases, cultivate a number of characteristic organic vegetable farms, and create a number of geographical indication products with local characteristics and specific product connotations. Second, efforts should be made to create vegetable processing brands. We will encourage and support new agricultural operators to strive for the creation of China's well-known trademarks, Anhui famous trademarks and Anhui famous brand products, and promote the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. The third is to vigorously cultivate brands of e-commerce, direct sales stores and vegetable wholesale markets. We will expand the online marketing scale of facility vegetable brand products and effectively ensure the supply of vegetables in urban and rural markets. During the 13th five-year Plan period, there are more than 40 "three products and one standard" certification of vegetables in the province every year, and more than 10 new vegetable brands are added.

(8) advance the early warning of vegetable production and marketing information. Focusing on 11 ministerial-level vegetable early warning and monitoring counties, such as Yicheng District, Funan County, Huaiyuan County, Hanqiao District, Mengcheng County, Lai'an County, he County, Yingzhou District, Yu'an District, Yuexi County, Wuwei County, and so on, employ full-time personnel such as township technicians and large vegetable growers to do a good job in the collection of local vegetable production and marketing and market price information. Establish an expert consultation system, quickly transmit early warning information of production and marketing in different periods, different varieties and different regions, arrange production rationally for vegetable farmers, and provide timely and accurate data for macro decision-making of relevant departments.

VI. Safeguard measures

(1) to strengthen organizational leadership. The agricultural departments of all cities, counties and districts should incorporate the development of facility vegetable industry into their local agricultural development plans, formulate specific regional development plans in accordance with the guiding ideology, basic principles and task objectives of the planning, and persist in upgrading and improving quality. Avoid blind development. It is necessary to actively explore the establishment of a prenatal, mid-production, and post-natal integrated management system in key protected vegetable producing areas, and strengthen overall planning, coordination and services. It is necessary to win the attention and support of local governments, comprehensively solve the practical problems in the process of development, and promote the implementation of technical measures and actions for protected vegetables.

(2) to cultivate business entities. According to the development concept of ecological green vegetable industry, we should speed up the cultivation of vegetable production and marketing operators, make brands and enlarge the market. Centering on the work requirements of upgrading the value chain, extending the industrial chain, building the supply chain, and forming the whole industrial chain, we should speed up the construction of a vegetable industrialization consortium with the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries and closely linked production, addition and marketing, promote industrial links, factor links and interest links, and realize the green ecology of vegetable cultivation, processing and packaging, circulation, storage and transportation, and market consumption in the whole process.

(3) to increase investment. Establish a multi-level, multi-form and diversified investment and financing system with government input as the guide and enterprises and vegetable farmers as the main body. Actively integrate the development of modern agricultural production, agricultural industrialization, comprehensive agricultural development and poverty alleviation development and other agricultural project funds to support the development of vegetable facilities. According to the requirements that the implementing main body of the provincial financial fund project for supporting agriculture focuses on the new management main body, the implementation location focuses on the core demonstration base, and the implementation content focuses on the key points of construction, in the future, the provincial "vegetable basket" funds will all be used for the establishment of provincial facility vegetable standard gardens, and at the same time, we will actively make use of the national financial agricultural high-yield funds to build national facility vegetable standard gardens.

(4) to establish an industrial support system. According to the public welfare characteristics of vegetable products and the characteristics of large investment and high risk, it is suggested that finance at all levels should strengthen financial guarantee and policy support, and support the development of vegetable industry through financial discount and rural microcredit. Conditional areas should strive for the establishment of facility vegetable risk funds. We will actively explore industrial credit guarantee and solve the financing difficulties of facility vegetable production enterprises and vegetable farmers. In key production areas of facility vegetables, we will promote the improvement of policy insurance, actively strive for government subsidies for part of the insurance premium, and encourage vegetable farmers to participate in insurance.

(5) step up efforts to tackle key scientific and technological problems. Make full use of the technical expert platform of the province's vegetable industry technology system and the province's vegetable basket work system, and organize a team of experts to jointly tackle key problems in view of the technical bottlenecks hindering the development of the vegetable industry. to form a set of green growth technology system covering the main facility vegetable planting types and main cultivation models in our province. Strengthen technical integration and experimental demonstration, promote the combination of improved varieties and methods, agricultural machinery and agronomy, apply fertilizer-saving, water-saving, medicine-saving, green and efficient cultivation techniques, and implement standardized, intensive and industrial production.

(6) to establish an assessment mechanism. Departments in charge of vegetables at all levels should formulate and implement work plans, earnestly do a good job in the decomposition and implementation of key tasks, strengthen supervision and guidance in work, cultivate models, and grasp examples to ensure that the work is carried out in a down-to-earth manner. At the beginning of each year, the Provincial Committee of Agriculture assigned the task of adding new indicators of facility vegetables to various cities, followed up and inspected the work progress of various localities at the end of the year, and established a working mechanism for supervision, assessment and year-end comprehensive evaluation. and the assessment results will be used as an important basis for project funds and related policy support in the main producing areas of facility vegetables.