Where is brown calcareous soil distributed in our country? What is suitable for growing?

Brown-calcium soil is a kind of arid soil in transition from chestnut soil in temperate steppe zone to gray desert soil in desert zone. Its formation is dominated by humus accumulation and calcium accumulation in steppe soil, and has some characteristics of desert soil formation process. It has a thin humus soft surface, the surface is much gravel, the upper section is brownish brown, the lower part is brown weak clayey, the lower part is powdery layered or patchy gray calcium layer.

Brown-calcium soil is mainly distributed in temperate desert steppe area of Eurasia continent, located between chestnut soil and desert soil, surrounded by desert soil from west, north and east, distributed in central and western Inner Mongolia Plateau and Ordos Plateau, northern Junggar Basin, outer edge of Tacheng Basin and upper part of piedmont alluvial fan at northern foot of central Tianshan Mountain.

The brown calcareous soil is distributed in temperate arid continental climate, with annual average temperature of 2~7℃, accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ of 2200~3000℃, annual precipitation of 150~250(300) mm. 70% of precipitation in Inner Mongolia affected by southeast monsoon concentrates in early summer and autumn, while precipitation in North Xinjiang affected by west wind is more average in four seasons. The total annual radiation amount in brown-calcium soil area is 600~670kJ/cm2, and the photothermal resources are very rich.

The vegetation of brown-calcium soil has the characteristics of steppe to desert transition, which can be divided into two sub-zones: desert steppe adjacent to steppe and steppe to desert steppe transition. In Inner Mongolia desert steppe is usually Stipa, Stipa psammophila, associated Artemisia frigida, Caragana angustifolia; steppe desert is composed of super xerophytic Tibetan chicken, red sand and Stipa, Artemisia frigida community; in northern Xinjiang, in addition to super xerophytic shrub Artemisia, pseudoequisetum and Stipa psammophila, Stipa xinjiang and other small grasses, there are spring ephemeral plants.

Brown calcium soil area is rich in light and heat resources, but water resources are scarce. Rain-fed agriculture cannot be engaged in. Agriculture can be developed if there are irrigation conditions. It is suitable for planting some drought-resistant crops, such as millet, sorghum, sesame, peanut, buckwheat, castor, sunflower, sweet potato, corn, mixed beans, wheat, turmeric, pepper, citrus, peach, cherry, garlic, carrot, chestnut, persimmon, jujube, sweet potato, potato, etc. What varieties are selected specifically? It should be decided according to the local natural environment and soil. Although there is a small amount of farmland in brown-calcium soil subgroup area, its yield is low and unstable, which is called "breaking field". At present, it is mainly a natural grazing ground in northwest China, grazing sheep and camels.