What is fertilizer use efficiency? What is the general utilization rate of different kinds of fertilizers?

Fertilizer use efficiency refers to the crop in the current season, a certain nutrient absorbed from the fertilizer accounts for the percentage of the total nutrient in the fertilizer.

Under the current level of cultivation and management, the range of crop utilization rate of chemical fertilizer is 30%-60% for nitrogen fertilizer, 10%-25% for phosphate fertilizer and 40%-70% for potash fertilizer. The nitrogen utilization rate of organic fertilizer is relatively low, generally, about 30% of barnyard manure or green manure with good maturity, 20% of compost and less than 10% of soil fertilizer, while the utilization rate of phosphorus and potassium in organic fertilizer is higher than that of nitrogen. It can be seen that the fertilizer utilization rate is not high.

Therefore, paying attention to scientific fertilization methods and rational application of heaven, land and crops is one of the key measures to improve fertilizer effect and reduce agricultural cost.

Attachment: the utilization rate of fertilizer in China is 33%.

Fertilizer use efficiency is the main index to measure the effect of fertilization, in order to comprehensively, accurately and objectively reflect the situation of fertilizer use in agricultural production in China, the Ministry of Agriculture organized experts to complete the "Research report on Fertilizer use efficiency of the three Major Grain crops in China" and released the relevant research results recently.

The "report" shows that at present, the average utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash fertilizers for rice, corn, and wheat in China are 33%, 24%, and 42%, respectively. Among them, the utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphate and potash fertilizer for wheat were 32%, 19% and 44% respectively, those of rice were 35%, 25% and 41% respectively, and those of corn were 32%, 25% and 43%, respectively. At present, the level of fertilizer use efficiency of major food crops in China has entered the internationally recognized appropriate range, but it is still at a low level, and there is still much room for improvement.

Professor Zhang Fusuo of China Agricultural University, the main drafter of the report, said that in recent years, the issue of fertilizer use efficiency has attracted more and more attention, but due to the lack of corresponding data, there has been no scientific research data on fertilizer use efficiency. In order to accurately calculate fertilizer use efficiency, researchers have done a lot of work in data selection, data collation, calculation methods, verification tests and so on. Using the data of soil analysis, field experiment and field investigation obtained from soil testing and formula fertilization for 9 years, as well as the fertilizer use efficiency verification test data carried out by the National Agricultural Technology extension Service Center, we have consulted a large number of domestic and foreign literature and conducted tens of thousands of household surveys. The fertilizer use efficiency data are obtained, which basically reflects the actual situation of fertilizer use of the main food crops in our country.

Professor Zhang Fusuo said that at present, there are misunderstandings about the utilization rate of fertilizer. Fertilizer utilization rate is not just a simple figure, there are great differences among different crops and different fertilizer varieties, and there are also differences in fertilizer utilization rate and cumulative utilization rate in the current season. At present, it is unscientific to say that the fertilizer utilization rate in China is about 30% and 70% wasted. Professor Zhang Fusuo said that some of the nutrients that have not been absorbed and utilized by crops in the current season after fertilizer application will be stored in the soil for absorption and utilization by crops in the next season, and some will leave farmland to enter the atmosphere and water body. Only this part is called fertilizer loss. At present, fertilizer loss is mainly concentrated in nitrogen fertilizer. Most of the nutrients of phosphate and potash fertilizer will be accumulated in the soil, and the cumulative utilization rate can reach more than 60%.

Li Rong, a participant in the "report" and director of the soil and Fertilizer Technology Department of the National Agricultural Technology extension Service Center, said that the "fertilizer utilization rate" that people are concerned about mainly refers to the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of food crops in the current season. The fertilizer use efficiency of major food crops in China has experienced a process of "falling first and then picking up". Since the 1990s, with the continuous increase of chemical fertilizer input, fertilizer use efficiency has shown a downward trend. Take nitrogen fertilizer as an example, the utilization rate dropped from 30-35% in the mid-1990s to 28% at the beginning of this century (2005). In recent years, through the implementation of soil testing formula fertilization, the promotion of soil organic matter and other projects, vigorously promote deep ploughing and deep loosening, deep application of chemical fertilizer, straw returning to the field, the integration of water and fertilizer and other scientific fertilization techniques, promoting the steady recovery of fertilizer use efficiency. Especially since the implementation of the soil testing formula fertilization subsidy project in 2005, it has promoted the transformation from traditional fertilization to scientific fertilization, and curbed the momentum of excessive increase in the use of chemical fertilizer. According to the report, the current utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer for the three major grain crops in the current season is 33%, which is 5 percentage points higher than that before the implementation of the soil testing formula fertilization subsidy project (2005). The utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer increased by 12% and 10% respectively compared with that in 2005.

The relevant person in charge of the planting Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture said that China is the largest country in chemical fertilizer production and consumption in the world. Improving the utilization rate of fertilizer is an inevitable requirement for changing the mode of agricultural production and improving the comprehensive production capacity of agriculture. In the next step, agricultural departments at all levels will further promote scientific fertilization from five aspects, reduce unreasonable fertilizer input, and constantly improve fertilizer utilization efficiency: first, promote the application of formula fertilizer to the field. We will continue to implement the subsidy project for soil testing and formula fertilization, carry out cooperation between agriculture and enterprises to promote formula fertilizer, increase the application area of formula fertilizer, and solve the problem of "the last kilometer" of scientific fertilization technology. The second is to promote the transformation of fertilization methods. We will encourage the application of organic fertilizer and straw to the field, vigorously promote scientific fertilization methods such as deep application of chemical fertilizers, integration of water and fertilizer, and simultaneous sowing of fertilizers, and develop new varieties that can save fertilizer, increase efficiency, increase production and increase income. The third is to strengthen the integration and promotion of technology. Strengthen the comprehensive management of nutrient resources, assemble crop cultivation measures and efficient fertilization measures in accordance with the requirements of high yield and high efficiency, and popularize and apply them in a large area. Fourth, strengthen publicity and training. Take television, radio, clear paper, mobile phone text messages and other forms to carry out technical training and publicity, so that farmers can effectively master scientific fertilization technology and establish a scientific awareness of fertilization.