When is the best time to plant tea trees? What are the requirements for the soil and environment for planting?

When is the best time to plant tea trees? Tea throughout the year, spring and autumn are suitable for transplanting tea seedlings. The best time for transplanting is early spring (late February to early March) and late autumn (mid-October to November). However, transplanting in late autumn and early winter is better than transplanting in spring, because the growth of the aboveground part of tea plant has gradually entered the dormant period, and the root system of the underground part is in the active period because the ground temperature is higher than the air temperature. The tea seedlings transplanted during this period are beneficial to root growth and development. It is beneficial to the recovery and regeneration of injured roots caused by seedling initiation, and is beneficial to the survival of tea seedlings.

Are there any requirements for the soil planted by tea trees? Tea trees should choose more acidic soil, the specific location conditions are as follows:

1. Plant more in the hills with good drainage.

2. Like warm and wet.

3. Planting in acid soil climate such as spring, abundant sunshine, sufficient rainfall, high soil and air humidity, suitable for red soil, yellow soil, sandy soil and brown forest, at 1500m above sea level.

Growth habits of tea trees:

[soil]: generally, sandy loam with a thickness of more than 1 meter without limestone and good drainage, with organic matter content of more than 1% Murray 2%, good ventilation, water permeability or water storage performance, and pH value of 4.5 to 6.5 is appropriate.

[rainfall]: the rainfall is average and the annual rainfall is more than 1500 mm. Both deficiency and excess have an impact.

[sunshine]: light is the most important condition for the survival of tea trees, neither too strong nor too weak, and they have a special hobby for ultraviolet rays, so good tea is produced in high mountains.

[temperature]: one is the air temperature, the other is the ground temperature, the average daily air temperature is 10 degrees, and the lowest can not be lower than-10 degrees. The average annual temperature is between 18 degrees Celsius and 25 degrees Celsius.

[topography]: the main topographic conditions are elevation, slope, slope direction and so on. With the increase of altitude, the temperature and humidity change obviously. In the mountain area at a certain height, the rainfall is abundant, there are many clouds, the air humidity is high, and the diffuse light is strong, which is beneficial to the growth of tea trees, but it is not as high as possible. Above 1000 meters, there will be freezing damage. Generally choose the south slope is better. The slope should not be too large, generally requiring less than 30 degrees.

Tea tree, original name: tea, Latin name: Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze., Theaceae, Camellia shrubs or small trees, twigs glabrous. Leaves leathery, oblong or elliptic. Tea leaves can be used to make tea (different from Camellia oleifera), seeds can extract oil, tea trees are made of fine material, and their wood can be used for carving. The distribution is mainly concentrated between 16 degrees south latitude and 30 degrees north latitude, tea trees like warm and humid climate, the bud begins to sprout when the average temperature is more than 10 ℃, and the optimum temperature for growth is 20: 25 ℃; the annual precipitation is more than 1000 mm; it is suitable for growing under diffuse light; its life is divided into seedling stage, juvenile stage, adult stage and aging stage. The tree can be up to one or two hundred years old, but the economic age is generally 40 to 50 years old.

What are the requirements of the environment and soil for tea planting?

The main results are as follows: 1. To select high quality tea seedlings, it is best to choose 1.5-2-year-old cuttings. The diameter of the main stem at the base of the cuttings is above 0.5cm, and that of small and medium leaves is above 0.3cm.

2.Refining seedlings before coming out of the nursery

⑴ water and fertilizer control. Due to the management of tea seedlings under nursery conditions, sufficient water and fertilizer, exuberant plant growth, young tissue and poor stress resistance, fertilization should be stopped 3 months before leaving the nursery, and water supply should be reduced as much as possible according to climatic conditions. Tea trees treated with refined seedlings may have a poor appearance, but the survival rate is high, which can also be used as a reference when purchasing seedlings.

⑵ sparse shed. Tea seedlings grow in the nursery for a long time, have poor adaptability to light, strong negative tolerance, sensitive to light, and easy to burn because of strong light in the field. In addition, strong light can inhibit plant growth and promote the aging of dwarf and strong plants. Therefore, by thinning the shed before coming out of the nursery, the light transmittance can be increased, the light adaptation of seedlings can be strengthened and the quality of seedlings can be improved.

After one year of tea seedling growth, when the seedling reached 15-20cm, the spindle was cut off at 10-20cm off the ground to promote branching and improve the quality of seedlings. The top was topped half a month before leaving the nursery, and the terminal buds of the main and lateral branches were removed to promote the aging and maturation of the young tissues of tea seedlings, so as to reduce the young tissues and organs of tea seedlings and improve stress resistance. It also promotes the fullness of axillary buds.

Do not pull up the seedlings by hand, dig with a hoe, hurt the roots as little as possible, and bring more soil. For example, the tea seedlings transported abroad can only gently tap the roots to disperse the coarse soil, and the fine soil adhered to the fine roots should be retained as much as possible. It is best to dip the roots with yellow mud and wrap the roots of tea seedlings with straw or woven bags.

After the tea seedlings are transported back, they should be sprayed in a cool place to moisturize, prevent the seedlings from blowing in the sun, pressing and piling up, and plant them in time to ensure that the seedlings are fresh, otherwise the seedlings will lose water and reduce their vitality and affect the survival rate. However, the quality of planting must be guaranteed, and small ditches should be planted according to specifications and requirements. for example, tea seedlings that cannot be planted within two days should be pseudo-planted, that is, tea seedlings should be temporarily concentrated on a small area of land without wind and stagnant water, and the roots of tea trees should be buried in the soil and irrigated with sufficient water. if the pseudo-planting time is long, we must choose the land with shelter from the wind and cool, well-drained land, dig into ditches of appropriate depth, and individual seedlings are arranged without overlap. And make the root stretch, cultivate the soil firmly, sprinkle water every day, keep the soil moist, make the tea tree survive, and then plant the seedlings according to the progress.

How to transplant the tea tree?

Using the ditch planting method, on the basis of comprehensive reclamation, the width of the planting ditch is 60 × 50ccm, the base fertilizer is applied and mixed well with the soil, the thin layer soil is covered, and the thickness of the topsoil should be based on the principle of avoiding the direct contact between the root system and the fertilizer, and then open the planting ditch so that the tea root can fully stretch. Tea seedling planting depth should be appropriate, generally to maintain the original position of tea seedlings as the principle, in order to prevent settlement, slightly higher cover soil. The tea seedling is planted in the ditch, the left hand holds the seedling body, makes the tea seedling perpendicular to the ditch, the root system keeps stretching, then the right hand covers the soil and buries a small half of the root, the left hand slightly lifts the tea seedling upward to make the root system stretch, and press the surrounding soil with the right hand to make the lower root soil close together. Continue to level the soil along both sides of the ditch into the ditch, bury the soil to the original root soil position at the seedling stage, properly suppress the soil around the tea tree, and then leaching the root water, the water should be drenched to the root soil completely wet, drenched and planted at the same time. No matter whether it is sunny or rainy, the fixed root water must be drenched, which is one of the important measures for the survival of tea seedlings, because there is a lot of air between the new tea roots and the soil, there is no complete contact, and the roots can not absorb water from the soil. After transplanting, in order to reduce water transpiration, branch shears can be used to cut off some branches and leaves as appropriate, especially in the case of luxuriant branches and leaves of tea seedlings or drought. Pruning can improve the survival rate. When cutting, there is no need to insist on uniformity, generally leave 1-3 leaf scissors above the branch. After cutting, the seedlings should also have a certain amount of leaf area, the cut should be smooth, and the distance from the place near the leaf should be moderate, generally about 1 cm, not too long or too short.

Water management must be strengthened, whether tea seedlings survive or not, the most important thing is water management, therefore, irrigation must be carried out after planting, to keep the soil moist, according to climatic conditions, in the dry season, one week after planting, it is required to be watered once a day, and then reduced in turn; dripping time in every afternoon or evening, can not be drenched at noon with strong light and high temperature, must be drenched with water, dry and windy in the north, and should be drenched more. Where there are conditions, it can be irrigated in times of drought, but in an appropriate amount; on rainy days, drainage should be done well, especially heavy rain and torrential rain, and water should not be accumulated for a long time.

In addition, tea seedlings are strong negative tolerance, sensitive to light, transplanting from nursery to field, poor adaptability to light, seedlings due to young plants, thin cuticle of leaves, transpiration, easy to burn. Therefore, shading method can be used for serious water loss after transplanting, shading shed can be built under certain conditions, and branches and leaves can also be used for shading. After young tea planting, because the new tea garden often has few trees, high soil temperature, large water evaporation and shallow roots, it is very vulnerable to soil high temperature and drought. Laying straw (straw or hay) in the rhizosphere of tea trees can reduce soil surface temperature, reduce water evaporation, increase soil moisture, and have the effect of being warm in winter and cool in summer. It is required that the open space on both sides of the tea seedling line should be covered with straw or hay, with a thickness of about 2-3cm, so that the bare topsoil can not be seen in the tea garden.

Shallow ploughing can loosen the topsoil, cut off the soil capillaries, reduce water evaporation, and play the role of water conservation. The gap between the rows of the newly built tea garden is large, which is easy to breed weeds and insect pests in spring and summer, compete with tea seedlings for water and nutrients, and affect the growth of tea trees. Planting green manure crops in young tea gardens can not only play a shading role, but also reduce weeds and soil erosion in tea gardens.