Planting techniques and matters needing attention for High yield and efficiency of Gramineae Maize

Corn is an annual herb of the genus Maize of Gramineae. Nicknames: corn, stick, Baogu, Baomi, Baomi, Zizania latifolia, bract, pearl rice, bract, big Reed, northeast Liaoning is called pearl grain, Chaozhou dialect is called barley seed, Cantonese is called corn, Minnan language is called tomato. The planting techniques and matters needing attention for high yield and high efficiency of corn are as follows:

1. Variety selection

1.1 select the hybrid maize varieties that have passed the examination and are suitable for planting in Dali.

1.2 the varieties achieve the unity of quality, applicability, high yield and stress resistance, and have good comprehensive resistance.

2. Seed quality

The quality of seeds should conform to the regulations of GB4404.1. Germination rate ≥ 85%, purity ≥ 96%, purity ≥ 99%, moisture ≤ 13%.

3. Select the middle and high fertility plots with suitable soil PH, high organic matter content, water and fertilizer conservation and better drainage and irrigation conditions.

4. Sowing seeds

4.1 sowing at the right time

According to the experimental results of different sowing dates of corn in the dam area in Dali City, the best sowing season in the dry farming belt at the edge of the dam area is from April 1 to May 10.

4.2 seeding rate

The sowing amount per mu is 2.5kg~3.0kg.

5. Standardized planting

Standardized plastic film mulching cultivation and double-row on-demand sowing. Choose plastic film with wide 70~80cm, wide and narrow row sowing, wide row 60-70cm, narrow row 40cm, ridge high 15cm.

6. Reasonable close planting

Reasonable close planting refers to the reasonable population starting point and distribution of suitable row-plant spacing, and determines the reasonable population structure according to the soil type, altitude and the characteristics of the selected varieties. The yield per unit area of maize is composed of three factors: ear number per mu, grain number per ear and 1000-grain weight. According to the results of density test for many years, it is suitable for 4500Mu / mu for scattered varieties and 5000Mu / mu for compact varieties.

7. Scientific fertilization

According to the results of soil nutrient abundance and deficiency, fertilizer demand of corn and fertilizer effect in the field, adhere to the principle of controlling nitrogen, reducing phosphorus and increasing potassium by the combination of organic and inorganic, a large number of medium trace elements, land cultivation and input-output balance, in order to improve fertilizer use efficiency, improve yield and quality, reduce production costs and reduce agricultural non-point source pollution and protect Erhai Lake. On the basis of increasing the application of organic fertilizer, the special long-term compound fertilizer for corn was applied to the base fertilizer, and the fertilizer effect period was 120 days. The specific fertilization methods are as follows:

1500-2000kg or bio-organic fertilizer 400~600kg, urea 5-7kg, long-acting compound fertilizer 40-60kg and zinc fertilizer 1-2kg were applied to the base fertilizer per mu.

7.2 ear fertilizer covered with plastic film at 10.5 Mel 11 leaves (about 60 days after sowing), combined with urea 15-20kg, potash fertilizer 6-8kg (or urea 10-15kg, compound fertilizer potassium sulfate (15:15:15) 15-20kg per mu).

8. Strengthen management

8.1 Seedling stage management: the main objectives of seedling management are whole seedling, full seedling, strong seedling, flat stem base, short plant, dark green leaves and well developed root system.

8.2 check seedlings to fill gaps: after maize emergence, seedlings must be checked in time to make up seedlings. The first method of replenishing seedlings is to resow seeds, the second is to transplant the seedlings raised by the corners of the field, and the transplanting will be carried out after 04:00 in the afternoon; the third is to dense and thinning and transplant with soil. After transplanting, it is necessary to pour enough fixed root water, and the time of seedling replacement and transplanting must be carried out before the 3.5 leaf stage.

8.3 seedlings, in order to prevent the seedlings from crowding each other, striving for glory and fertilizer, and wasting nutrients and water, it is necessary to keep the seedlings between three leaves, the seedlings should be sparse, the seedlings should be weak and strong, the seedlings should be small and strong, and the disease should be strong. When maize seedlings grow to 5 leaves, the seedlings should be determined at one time according to the variety planted, the level of soil fertility, the planned yield and the number of planned plants.

8.4 topdressing and ploughing: decide whether or not to squat seedlings according to the growth of seedlings after setting seedlings. Squatting seedlings should be the principle of "squatting late without squatting early, squatting black without squatting yellow, squatting wet without squatting dry", and then ploughing and weeding. Make up and fertilize the weak seedlings, and apply the seedling fertilizer in time when the plant grows to 6 Mel 6.5 leaves.

9. Integrated prevention and control of diseases, insects, weeds and rodents

The main harm to corn in Dali City is that the ground tiger harms the seedlings, the second is rodent damage, the third is corn rust, the fourth is corn size spot, the fifth is corn borer, and the sixth is aphid.

9.1 using green prevention and control to set up solar energy insecticidal lamp and high pressure mercury lamp to trap and kill pests. Control the harm of ground tiger with cypermethrin (cypermethrin) in time after sowing and emergence. After sowing, rodent poison should be put in to prevent rodent damage.

9.2 Disease control methods the prevention and control of the disease should be based on planting disease-resistant varieties, strengthening agricultural control and supplemented by necessary chemical control. (1) selection of disease-resistant varieties. (2) strengthen agricultural control and sow early in order to avoid the peak of disease. (3) apply retting compost, increase potassium fertilizer, avoid partial application and over application of nitrogen fertilizer, and improve plant disease resistance. (4) strengthen field management, do a good job of weeding and soil cultivation by ploughing, remove 2-3 leaves at the bottom, reduce the relative humidity in the field, make the plants strong and improve disease resistance. (5) to clean the countryside, remove the sick and disabled bodies, and concentrate on burying them deeply in order to reduce the source of infection. (6) implement crop rotation. (7) the main diseases of maize in Dali City are generally mixed, but mainly rust. At the initial stage of the disease, three kinds of mixed pesticides were used to control the disease: fluconazole (3 packets per mu), triadimefon (2 packets per mu) and organosilicon (3 packets per mu).

10. Requirements for corn harvest, transportation, storage and by-product treatment

10.1 timely harvest

10.2 it is forbidden to thresh and dry grain on highways, asphalt pavements and places with serious dust pollution. It is strictly forbidden to mix with toxic, harmful, corrosive and odorous articles.

10.3 Storage in places protected from light, room temperature, dry and free of insect pests, rodents and moisture-proof facilities. It is strictly forbidden to mix with toxic, harmful, corrosive, moldy, damp and odorous articles. If the warehouse disinfection and fumigation treatment is carried out, the chemicals used shall comply with the national regulations on food hygiene and safety.

10.4 by-product treatment

The by-products such as straw and corn shaft should be comprehensively developed and rationally utilized; the type of returning straw to the field or planting grain and feeding should be advocated; incineration, random stacking, discarding and environmental pollution are strictly prohibited.