High-yield cultivation techniques and matters needing attention of alkaline food konjac

Konjac grows under sparse forests and is a beneficial alkaline food. for people who eat too much animal acidic food, konjac can achieve food acid and alkali balance. In addition, konjac also has a level of blood sugar, blood lipids, blood pressure, detoxification, beauty, pulse, weight loss, laxation, appetizer and other functions.

The whole plant of konjac is poisonous and the tuber is the most. It can not be eaten raw and needs to be processed before it can be eaten. After poisoning, the tongue and throat are burning, itchy and swollen. Folk vinegar with a little ginger juice, oral or cough, can be saved.

The high-yield cultivation techniques of konjac are as follows:

First, soil selection. Konjac likes to be fat and afraid of barren, wet and dry, shady and hot. It is suitable to be planted in sandy loam with deep and fertile soil layer and good permeability at 900-2000m above sea level, especially in mountain valley and sloping land. The optimum temperature for growth is 25 °C, and the soil pH value is more than 6.0.

2. Variety selection and pre-seed treatment

1. Variety selection: there are mainly flower konjac and white konjac. The quality of white konjac is the best, but the yield of flower konjac is higher than that of white konjac and its suitability is wider. Generally choose disease-free, injury-free, round or oblong, short and strong terminal bud (less than 3cm), petiole mark smaller, bud nest shallow small corm or root strong stem as seed taro. It is generally better to use 2-year-old plants for strong roots and stems.

2. Pre-seed treatment: drying taro seeds for 2 days before planting

III. Cultivation methods

1. Rotation: rotation is the best way to cut off the transmission of disease in konjac cultivation, and it is better to turn it every three years, focusing on avoiding crops such as Cruciferae, ginger, which are easy to be infected with soft rot, white silk disease and root rot. It is generally safer to rotate with Gramineae crops.

2. Intercropping or intercropping. Because the leaf and petiole of konjac are in the shape of "T" or "Y", the light penetration is poor, the leaf area index is small, and the utilization rate of light is low, so it is better to intercropping plants higher than konjac crops. such as sorghum, corn and other food crops and Eucommia ulmoides, castor and other cash crops. So that tall plants get plenty of sunlight in the upper layer, while konjac gets proper shade in the lower layer.

IV. Soil preparation and fertilization

1. Land preparation: deep ploughing before winter, fine ploughing after spring, and trenching.

2. Base fertilizer: the root of Amorphophallus konjac is string root, the root system is shallow and the absorption is weak, so it is necessary to fertilize the soil and apply fertilizer scientifically. Amorphophallus has a great demand for organic fertilizer, generally using rotten compost 24000 kg/hm2, or biogas dregs 22000 ^ as base fertilizer. Where possible, the amount of pure nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium that should be applied should be calculated according to the requirement of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, soil supply and utilization rate of konjac. Nitrogen fertilizer 260.9kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer 930kg/hm2 and potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate) 280kg/hm2 were generally applied in the whole growth process of konjac. Nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied in the process of fertilization. The proportion of base fertilizer should account for 70-80% of the total fertilizer, and more than 80% of base fertilizer should be used in special areas, mainly slow-release fertilizer. When applying basic fertilizer in the ditch or digging another ditch next to the ditch, it can also be applied to the soil surface when a few buds protrude from the surface from late May to early June, and then cultivate the soil.

The base fertilizer is generally applied 10-15 days before planting, dig the fertilization ditch between the two rows of planting ditches, mix the base fertilizer into the ditch, or dig a deep 12-15cm planting ditch, apply compost or biogas fertilizer at the bottom of the ditch, put seed taro on it obliquely, apply base fertilizer on it about 3cm thickness, and then cover the soil. The base fertilizer should be applied centrally, close to the seed taro, but not in direct contact, so that the fertilizer utilization efficiency is the highest, but it does not hurt the seed taro.

5. Planting treatment

1. Sowing date: when planting konjac, the average temperature rises to 12 °C to 14 °C, and the lowest temperature is about 10 °C after the physiological dormancy period of the corm is released. It is generally planted from early March to early April. Different varieties, planting time is also different, generally flower konjac germination temperature is slightly lower than white konjac, so flower konjac can be planted earlier in the same area.

2. Density and seed consumption: the planting density of Amorphophallus konjac is generally sparse, the rhizomes with better bulb expansion occur more, and the yield per plant is higher. However, the density is too thin, the yield per unit area decreases, the leaf area coefficient is too small, and the sunlight is exposed to the surface directly, which increases the soil temperature to more than 35 °C, which has an adverse effect on the root. The varieties with "Y" leaf type are more suitable for close planting than those with "T" leaf type. The planting density of konjac is related to the size of the seed. The larger the seed is, the thinner the density is. Generally, for the species of konjac with 100g or so, the plant spacing is 25cm and the row spacing is about 60cm and 10g, and the species with distance between 60cm and 10g is 80kg / mu.

3, planting method: generally use high border and narrow box, each box open 2 ditches, wide border shallow ditch can increase the number of planting ditches. The rhizome can be placed in the ditch horizontally according to the same direction, one corm can be placed according to its size according to 15-20cm, and the seed taro above 50-100g can be planted in a nest or furrow, and the ditch depth is 10-15cm according to the size of the seed taro. The flat land of taro is planted at 45 °. If it is inclined, the top bud should be planted up the slope. If it is not placed diagonally, the seed taro may cause corm rot due to the accumulation of water at the top of the corm. The depth of soil cover should be determined according to the depth of the soil layer of the plot, generally covered with soil. 6-9cm.

VI. Field management

1. Weeding: the roots of konjac are mostly distributed in the upper layer of the soil, and they are easy to hurt when weeding in the middle ploughing. Herbicides are generally used to remove weeds thoroughly after spring ploughing and soil preparation. After spreading the leaves of Amorphophallus, only weeds can be pulled out to prevent root injury and leaf injury.

2. Coverage: this is an indispensable management work for the cultivation of konjac. Cover soil with 6-9cm when planting

Then cover a layer of 5-10cm thick straw or grass, generally cover straw or grass more than 22500 kg/hm2, it is appropriate to cover straw without soil. This can not only keep the soil loose and moist, avoid soil erosion, improve soil fertility, but also increase the soil temperature in the early stage and reduce the ground temperature in the middle stage, which is beneficial to the growth and development of konjac.

3. Cultivating soil and topdressing: ploughing and cultivating soil in ⑴. When Amorphophallus sprouted and unearthed 30-40 days after planting, shallow and middle ploughing could be carried out before the root system covered the soil layer, in order to improve soil permeability, or the combination of soil cultivation and base fertilizer could be carried out at the same time. General soil cultivation was 7-9cm. ⑵ topdressing. Topdressing was carried out for three times: the first time was carried out from the end of May to the first ten days of June to promote the growth of the upper part of konjac; the second time was carried out from late June to early July, mainly to promote the underground development of konjac; the third time in late August, water 1000kg/hm2 was irrigated with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 75kg/hm2.

4. Pest control: the main diseases of konjac are white rot and soft rot. Once the disease occurs, it will cause great damage to konjac. In the control work, taro seed disinfection should be carried out strictly, and in the middle and later stage of growth, chemicals should be used to prevent and cure the disease. Jinggangmycin 1500g/hm2 was used to spray water 900kg/hm2, or carbendazim 3000g/hm2 was used to spray konjac plant base on water 900kg/hm2 every 10 days for 3 times. Soft rot disease: ⑴ found that the diseased plant was immediately removed to reduce the soil left by the bacteria; ⑵ poured the base of the plant with agricultural streptomycin 10 million IU600-700x solution, or 70% dixone 500600-fold solution; irrigated once every 10 days, continuous watering 3 times. Insect pests are mainly aphids, mites and leafhoppers, which can be controlled with general pesticides and acaricides.

5. Timely harvesting and digging: harvesting and digging too early will reduce the yield, and if it is too late, the yield and quality will be reduced. the best time for harvesting and digging is about 10 days after the seedling of konjac plant is fallen.

Storage method

1. Open field overwintering storage: refers to the natural overwintering in the ground without digging konjac in that year, which can be used in konjac producing areas where the winter is not too cold. The specific method is: after the natural seedling of konjac plant, immediately covered with straw, thatch, leaves and other materials, not thinner than 17cm, otherwise it is difficult to play the role of cold prevention. At the same time, deep open ditches and border ditches, and make the ditches communicate with each other in order to drain and drain water. After the beginning of the next spring, carefully dig out the konjac before sowing and sow the seeds after drying the water vapor. The method is relatively primitive and is greatly affected by natural conditions. in case of severe cold, it is easy to cause low temperature chilling injury and decay.

2. Storage: choose indoor with good ventilation, dry ground or good drainage, ventilated and sunny outdoor, surrounded by bamboo poles, wood strips, etc., and use net bags to be careful with the dried and pretreated konjac tubers.

Pile into the circle, each row set aside a certain ventilation section, such as outside, you can build a rain-proof roof above, this method is generally suitable for the short-term storage of processed konjac in processing plants.

3. Shelf storage: this method is mainly used to store seed taro. The advantage is that the seed taro is spread on the shelf layer, which can be fully ventilated and irradiated by scattered light, so it can effectively dig up the spread of tuber diseases and prevent rotten seeds, which is particularly important for taro seeds with serious field diseases during the growing period. The specific method is to first make a multi-layer grid with a spacing of 45 to 50 centimeters and a width of 1 to 1.2 meters. The number and length of shelves can be determined according to the specific situation, and 3 or 4 layers of taro can be placed on each shelf (if there is a flue-cured tobacco room or housing with two sheds, farmers can also refer to this method). The disadvantage of this storage method is that the tuber loses too much water and should be covered properly in the middle and later stage.