Technical guidance of Liaoning Provincial Committee of Agriculture on drought Resistance and Spring sowing of Field crops

Since March, there has been less rainfall in Liaoning Province, and drought has occurred to varying degrees in western Liaoning and other places. From May 4 to 6, there was light to moderate rain in our province, and the drought in Shenyang, Anshan, Fushun, Benxi, Yingkou, Liaoyang, Tieling and Panjin was effectively alleviated; the precipitation in western Liaoning, such as Chaoyang and Fuxin, was limited, and the drought was not alleviated obviously. In order to implement the arrangements of the Provincial drought Relief work Conference on May 8 and the spirit of the speech delivered by Comrade Chen Qiufa, Governor Chen Qiufa, and make every effort to do a good job in agricultural drought resistance, spring sowing and planting structure adjustment, the following technical guidance suggestions are put forward.

I. actively popularizing drought-resistant sowing techniques

According to the meteorological conditions such as soil moisture, rainfall and temperature, the corresponding drought-resistant sowing techniques were adopted. First, pay close attention to the weather and broadcast at the right time. Make use of effective precipitation after rain to sow soil moisture, or according to soil moisture and expected precipitation, dry sowing and other rain sowing, to speed up the sowing progress of field crops. The second is to sow seeds in deep water. The dry soil layer will be opened to expose the wet soil layer, and then the varieties with strong top soil ability will be sowed in a shallow way, and the soil cover will be heavily suppressed. The third is to implement no-tillage sowing to reduce the amount of soil turning as much as possible. The fourth is to change the sowing position from ridge to ridge or flat sowing to maximize the use of soil moisture. Fifth, the application of drought-resistant agents and increased application of organic fertilizer to increase soil water storage and water retention capacity, while appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote crop germination and growth and improve crop drought resistance.

II. Actively carry out the adjustment of planting structure

In areas where the original sowing plan cannot be completed within the suitable sowing date due to drought, it is necessary to analyze and study in advance, understand the market demand, adjust crop seed reserves in advance, and actively promote the adjustment of planting structure. The first is to develop facility agriculture. We will actively promote the construction of large-scale facility agriculture, develop efficient cash crops such as vegetables, edible fungi and flowers, change passive drought resistance into active drought resistance, and enhance the ability of agriculture to resist drought. The second is to develop drought-resistant crops. It is necessary to meet the requirements of structural adjustment, guide farmers to plant miscellaneous grains, beans, peanuts, sweet potatoes, and other crops that are water-saving, drought-tolerant, and highly resistant, and actively promote large-scale, industrial, and order production. The third is to develop early-maturing crops. Take the initiative to analyze the market demand and change to early-maturing varieties with short growth periods, such as fresh corn and buckwheat. To meet the needs of the development of animal husbandry, we should change the planting of silage corn to ensure that farmers' yields are not reduced.

Third, actively adopt water conservancy and drought relief measures

First, give full play to the role of water-saving drip irrigation project, implement water-saving cultivation techniques of drip irrigation under plastic film, and adopt film-mulching seeder to complete ditching, fertilization, sowing, ridging, spraying herbicides, laying drip irrigation belt, film mulching and other operational measures at one time. The cultivation of "one film belt with large ridges and two rows" is carried out, and the drip irrigation belt is laid between two rows of crops with small row spacing, according to rainfall, soil moisture and crop water requirement. Timely and appropriate supplementary irrigation in the period of sowing and emergence. Second, give full play to the role of drought-resistant water sources and water conservancy facilities and equipment, implement "sitting water" sowing technology, and adopt seeding machines or other sowing methods to complete one-stop operation such as ditching, irrigation, sowing, fertilization, soil mulching, suppression, and so on. Third, we should make full use of existing irrigation and water conservancy facilities, do a good job in water storage, water diversion, water conservation and water increase, and focus on the production of facility agriculture, efficient cash crops, seed fields and grain fields, so as to minimize the losses caused by drought to agricultural production.

Fourth, actively do a good job in field management at the seedling stage.

The first is to inspect the fields in time to replenish seedlings. After sowing, pay close attention to the germination and emergence of seeds, replanting or transplanting in time for plots with "hanging dry" or uneven emergence according to the situation; serious lack of seedlings, timely destruction of drought-resistant varieties with short growth period or replacement of other drought-resistant crops. The second is to strengthen field management. After emergence, check the seedling situation in the field in time, carry out inter-seedling timely, postpone the seedling appropriately, and leave two plants to compensate where the seedling is missing, so as to improve the population uniformity and ensure the reasonable population density. Lack of seedling broken strip land, timely replanting early-maturing varieties; irregular seedling plot, can apply fertilizer to small seedlings and weak seedlings to accelerate their growth and development.