The best time to fertilize fruit trees? What are the skills and measures? (with fertilization techniques for apples, peaches, pears and litchi)

At present, due to the lack of relevant knowledge, many fruit growers in fruit tree planting areas lack of understanding of the importance of fruit tree fertilization, which may lead to the reduction of fruit tree yield. So what are the best time and techniques for fertilizing fruit trees? The details are as follows:

Main misunderstandings in fertilization of Fruit trees

The fertilizer application point is as close to the tree as possible.

Many fruit growers believe that fertilization is far away from the tree, the root absorption is poor, and nutrient utilization is not available, so fertilization is very close to the tree, some are less than half a meter from the root neck, and even dig out backbone roots. as a result, the phenomenon of root injury and root burning often occurs, and the effect often goes against one's wishes.

Second, the more fertilizer, the better

Some fruit growers do not comprehensively determine the amount of fertilizer according to the type of fertilizer, tree strength, tree size, yield, soil conditions and other factors, but blindly, thinking that the more fertilizer, the better. The result is the imbalance of nutritional supply and demand of trees, burning roots and dead trees, breeding of diseases and insect pests, and the imbalance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of light trees, with little or no fruit.

Third, fertilizing time according to busy and idle

Some fruit growers apply fertilizer not on the basis of the period when fruit trees need fertilizer, but on the basis of labor. "when trees need fertilizer, there is no need for people to apply fertilizer." what should have been applied in spring has become summer fertilization, and what should have been applied in autumn has become winter fertilizer. The pre-flowering fertilizer that should have been applied has become post-anthesis fertilizer, and the post-anthesis fertilizer has become post-fruit fertilizer, missing the best fertilizer period for fruit trees, and greatly reducing the effect of increasing production.

IV. Choose the types of fertilization at will

The application of base fertilizer in orchard in autumn happens to conflict with autumn sowing and fertilization in wheat field, and many fruit growers use chemical fertilizer instead of base fertilizer at will, or replace farm manure such as barnyard manure with unripe crop straw. as a result, the fertility of the orchard decreases and the tree potential weakens, the yield decreases, and the fruit quality becomes worse.

5. fertilizing on the ground is heavy and light on the ground.

Many fruit growers are accustomed to underground fertilization and despise or do not understand the role of aboveground fertilization, which leads to serious physiological diseases such as yellow leaf disease, lobular disease, fruit shrinkage disease and early defoliation disease, and the photosynthetic function of leaves is reduced.

Correct method of fertilization for Fruit trees

1. The depth of fertilization from the tree should be appropriate.

The distribution of root system of fruit tree is very wide, and the distribution of horizontal root of fruit tree is 2-4 times of crown diameter. The practice shows that the distance of trenching or digging holes from the trunk of apple, pear, peach, apricot and other fruit trees is suitable at the outer edge of the vertical projection of the crown, with a depth of 30-40 cm, where the distribution of absorbing roots is concentrated and the nutrient utilization efficiency is high.

2. The amount of fertilizer applied is suitable for trees according to the fertilizer of the land.

Whether it is base fertilizer, slow-acting fertilizer or quick-acting fertilizer, the general principle for determining the amount of fertilizer application is that the amount of fertilizer applied in young trees is lower than that in adult trees, that in unfruiting or early fruiting stage is lower than that in full fruiting stage, and that the garden with poor fertility should be more than more fertile ones. When base fertilizer is applied in autumn, the amount of barnyard manure is generally not less than 5000 kg per mu, in which high-quality and efficient chicken manure should not exceed 4000 kg, and long-term all-element compound fertilizer and micro-fertilizer should be mixed in the base fertilizer. Urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and other chemical fertilizers should be applied step by step according to different growth and development stages of fruit trees, and formula fertilization is recommended where possible.

Third, the fertilization period is determined according to the tree

The fertilization period should be determined according to different growth and development stages, tree species, varieties and other factors of fruit trees. When farmers are busy with labor conflicts, people who pay money should also be fertilized, which should not affect the nutritional requirements of the trees. The basal fertilizer of deciduous fruit trees should be applied after or before fruit harvest. Many fruit growers apply base fertilizer before freezing or after thawing in spring, which is very unscientific. Practice has proved that the application of base fertilizer after fruit harvest or in the later stage of fruit ripening is of great significance to improve the photosynthetic function of fruit trees, improve fruit quality and nutrient storage level, and enhance the stress resistance of fruit trees. Missing the application of base fertilizer in this period will not only have a poor effect, but also have an adverse effect. In addition, when the tree potential is weak, it can be applied in advance, when the tree potential is strong, it can be delayed, and the tree species and varieties with early deciduous leaves can be applied in advance.

IV. Determination of types of fertilization

Generally speaking, the type of fertilization should be determined according to the characteristics of fertilizer demand of fruit trees, the type of fertilizer and other factors. Fruit trees need not only a large number of element fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also trace element fertilizers such as boron, iron, zinc and copper, which come from organic fertilizers such as farm manure, crop straw, cake fertilizer and chicken manure. It also comes from urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, various compound fertilizers and other chemical fertilizers. The combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer and a large number of element fertilizer and trace element fertilizer can meet the growth and development needs of different fruit trees in different periods. Overcome the practice of attaching importance to nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, neglecting potash fertilizer and neglecting organic fertilizer and micro-fertilizer in production.

5. the combination of underground fertilization and aboveground fertilization

Underground fertilization is the main channel of fertilization, but because the soil is easy to fix some nutrients, the utilization rate of fertilizer is reduced, while aboveground fertilization, that is, foliar fertilizer is sprayed directly on the tree, has the advantages of cost-saving, fast nutrient absorption and high utilization rate. It has obvious effect on physiological diseases such as yellow leaf disease caused by iron deficiency, fruit shrinkage disease caused by boron deficiency, leaflet disease caused by zinc deficiency, early defoliation disease caused by decreased leaf function and so on. Therefore, we should pay attention to aboveground fertilization and combine underground fertilization with aboveground fertilization.

After looking at the correct fertilization techniques for fruit trees, we will introduce the fertilization techniques for apples, peaches, pears and litchi respectively.

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