What are the misunderstandings of fertilization that growers do not know?

If you go to the countryside and ask the farmer uncle, "it is not right for you to fertilize in this way", it will certainly cause an uproar. However, it is precisely because of the farmers' own experience in farming that they have harmed their own crops. So what are the misunderstandings of fertilization that growers do not know?

21 kinds of misunderstandings of fertilization:

1. Dichloro fertilizer

The compound fertilizer produced with ammonium chloride and potassium chloride is called dichloride fertilizer, which contains about 30% chlorine. It is easy to burn seedlings and should be watered in time. Chlorine-containing fertilizers should not be applied to saline-alkali soil and crops sensitive to chlorine. Excessive application of potassium chloride to leaf (stem) vegetables not only makes the vegetables not fresh and tender, but also makes the vegetables taste bitter, taste bad and the benefit is low. Urea-based compound fertilizer has high nitrogen content, and biuret has a slightly higher nitrogen content, so it is easy to burn seedlings, so attention should be paid to the depth of watering and fertilization.

two。 Only apply base fertilizer, not top dressing

Many users are afraid of trouble, after applying base fertilizer, they will no longer topdressing, this kind of fertilization method is unscientific. Crops have less demand for nutrients in the early stage, and the application of sufficient base fertilizer can indeed ensure the nutrient demand of crops for a long time, but even for some fertilizers with sufficient stamina, the duration of fertilizer effect is limited, especially for the sandy loam with poor fertilizer and water conservation capacity, not topdressing in time is more likely to cause de-fertilization. Therefore, the crops with a growth period of more than 2 months should be fertilized properly to ensure the nutrient demand of crops in the peak growth period.

3. The same formula, the same dosage, the same effect.

The reason is very simple, the main difference between fat people and thin people is not the problem of eating more or less, but the problem of absorbing more and less. The same is true of fertilizers, the same amount of the same formula due to the product itself will have a significant difference in nutrient utilization, which is why some products with low total nutrients are better than those with high nutrients.

4. After using compound fertilizer, other fertilizers will not be used.

Some users think that after applying compound fertilizer, there is no need to apply other fertilizers, which is wrong. General compound fertilizers generally contain only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and a small number of varieties contain zinc and boron. If we do not pay attention to the timely supplement of effective medium and micronutrient elements and organic activated nutrition, it will also have a serious impact on crop quality and yield. Income decline.

5. Fertilization by looking at flowers in fruit trees

More flowers and less flowers of fruit trees largely depends on the tree potential. In order to make the fruit trees differentiate more flower buds and set more fruits in the second year, sufficient fertilizer should be applied in the previous year, especially fertilization after fruit is very important: because the fruit trees are greatly damaged after fruit picking, nutrients should be replenished in time to restore the vitality of the fruit trees, enhance the resistance of the fruit trees, and ensure the production capacity of the fruit trees in the second year.

Some people like to apply winter fertilizer, which is useful, but it is not the best time, because the most important part of the fruit tree to absorb nutrients is in the root. At the beginning of winter, the root system of the tree is almost dormant, and the ability to absorb nutrients is very weak. The best time for fruit trees to apply fertilizer is after picking fruit and before falling leaves. The most direct result of flower fertilization is the obvious age phenomenon of fruit trees.

6. The sooner the fertilizer dissolves, the better

Crops need nutrients just like people, every day, the amount of absorption is limited, dissolve quickly, crops can not absorb, it is also a waste, so this is also the main reason for some products to add sustained-release agents. is to ensure that crops need nutrients throughout the process. However, the fertilizer added with slow-release agent should not be used as topdressing, because if the rate of nutrient release can not keep up with the nutrient demand of crops, there will be the phenomenon of early de-fertilization of crops.

7. High price = high cost

Because fertilizer belongs to the category of means of production and non-direct consumer goods, the basis for analyzing the cost is not the price but the input-output ratio. In the case of the same amount or input, which kind of product brings high benefit and high output? the cost of which product is low.

8. Topdressing and partial application of nitrogen fertilizer

Many users prefer to apply nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium bicarbonate and urea when topdressing, although this will have an obvious effect on the growth of crops, it can not increase the yield of users, because nitrogen is very important for the early growth of crops. however, with the growth of crops, the demand for phosphorus, potassium, micro and organic nutrients is higher and higher, but the need for nitrogen is reduced, and partial application of nitrogen fertilizer will only make crops grow. Vegetative growth and reproductive growth imbalance, the result is less or greedy green late maturity, poor taste.

9. If the output doesn't go up, the fertilizer is not good.

A small number of users think that the increase in yield is the reason for fertilizer. in fact, there are many reasons for the increase in yield, such as weather, soil quality, fertilization methods, diseases, pests and weeds, fertilizer selection, seeds, pesticides and field management, and so on. Fertilizer is only one of the factors.

10. The closer the fertilizer is to the stem of the plant, the easier it is to absorb fertilizer.

This is a common phenomenon in rural areas, and this kind of fertilization method has great harm. Because the part of the plant absorbing nutrients is in the root hair area, the plant stem and root (except the root hair area) absorb little or no nutrients, the closer the fertilization is to the plant stem (except the seedling stage), the farther the fertilizer is from the part of the plant nutrition absorption, so it is not easy to be absorbed. If the fertilization is too much and the concentration is too high, it is easy to "burn seedlings".

Therefore, the fertilization location should be determined according to the aboveground growth of the plant and the root growth of the underground part to ensure the effect of fertilization. Some fruit growers also concentrate fertilizers in ditches and holes when fertilizing, which is wrong. Because there are two ways for fruit trees to absorb fertilizer, one is to rely on their own power, and the other is to rely on soil solution infiltration to complete. When the concentration of solution in root environment is high, reverse osmosis will occur and root burning will occur. The correct method is to mix the organic fertilizer and soil and then apply it to the ditch hole. The best way to apply water-soluble fertilizer is to mix the soil or dilute it and then irrigate it, or irrigation immediately after fertilization to avoid root burning.

11. Attach importance to chemical fertilizer and despise the role of organic fertilizer

The traditional fertilization in China refers to organic fertilizer, which has been used for thousands of years. Organic fertilizer is very nutritious to fruit trees, but it is also very inconvenient to use. In recent years, the country has developed high-yield and high-efficiency chemical fertilizer, which can increase production immediately. Therefore, some fruit growers ignore the role of organic fertilizer, the amount of application is reduced year by year, and even individual orchards no longer use organic fertilizer, relying solely on chemical fertilizer to maintain yield.

Resulting in soil consolidation and decline in fruit quality. In addition, orchards are mostly built on sloping land, and a large number of laborious and laborious transportation is also one of the reasons for the decline of fruit quality. The role of organic fertilizer in the production of fruit trees is irreplaceable, and attention must be paid to the application of organic fertilizers in fruit trees.

twelve。 After the crop is short of fertilizer, apply fertilizer again.

After fertilizer is applied, it takes 3-5 days for paddy field to be absorbed by crops, and it takes 5-7 days for dry land to be absorbed and utilized. Therefore, fertilization after crop fertilizer deficiency occurs will result in longer time of fertilizer deficiency and yield reduction. Therefore, fertilization should be carried out according to the fertilizer demand characteristics of crops, 5-7 days in paddy field and 8-10 days in dry land.

At the same time, the nutrient uptake of crops is also related to light, temperature, water, fertilization methods (such as dry application, leaching, extra-root topdressing, etc.). Strong light, high temperature and sufficient water accelerate the absorption of crop nutrients, on the contrary, the absorption slows down. Extra-root topdressing takes effect quickly and can be applied late because nutrients are directly absorbed by leaves, but the concentration should be low to prevent damage to leaves. Drenching application can make fertilizer directly into the root of the plant, the effect is faster, it can also be applied appropriately late, dry fertilizer is slow, and should be applied early.

13. As long as enough fertilizer is applied, high yield can be obtained.

The type and quantity of nutrients required by all kinds of crops are different in the whole growth period and different growth stages. If fertilization is not carried out according to the fertilizer demand characteristics of crops, first, the crop will appear deficiency, stress resistance and disease resistance, resulting in a decrease in yield and quality; second, some crops need little or basically do not absorb nutrients residue or loss, resulting in a waste of fertilizer. Therefore, the type and quantity of fertilization should be determined according to the growth characteristics of the plant, and the fertilizer effect should be brought into full play.

14. The more fertilizer, the higher the benefit.

According to the principle of diminishing returns, when fertilization reaches a certain amount, the input-output ratio decreases and the benefit decreases. If too much fertilizer is applied, the yield will be reduced. Therefore, according to the characteristics of fertilizer demand, soil fertility and planting density of crops during the whole growth period, the best fertilization scheme should be found according to the principle of sufficient supply but not waste, so as to give full play to fertilizer efficiency and increase economic benefits.

15. As long as the crops grow well, high yields can be obtained.

The growth of crops includes two stages: vegetative growth and reproductive growth (except leafy vegetables and succulent crops). The application of sufficient nitrogen fertilizer in the early growth stage can promote vegetative growth, but if nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the reproductive growth period, it will cause greenness of crops, affect reproductive growth, hinder the transformation of nutrients, and reduce yield and quality. Therefore, fertilization should be carried out according to crop growth, mainly nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage to promote vegetative growth, and combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, micro and organic nutrients in the middle and later stages to promote reproductive growth and improve quality and yield.

16. As long as fertilizer is applied, it will have a fertilizer effect.

The fertilizer efficiency of fertilization is related to soil characteristics, crop nutrient absorption characteristics, fertilizer nutrient release characteristics, water, air, heat and many other conditions, if the effects of various factors are not fully considered, it is very easy to cause nutrient loss, fertilizer deficiency and other phenomena.

The fertilizer effect of sandy soil is fast, but the loss is also fast, so it should be carried out according to the principle of less application and multiple application, while the fertilizer effect of clay loam soil is slow, and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied early. Potash fertilizer is easy to dissolve, but the loss is fast, so it should be fertilized in time according to the characteristics of potassium demand of crops, organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are slow, the loss is less, should be applied early, ammonium bicarbonate is highly volatile, and can be fertilized with organic fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer for 1-2 days, which can reduce the loss of nutrients.

17. Fertilization area is not accurate

Some fruit growers mistakenly think that the root system near the dry part is the main part of absorbing fertilizer, so fertilizer is often concentrated in the near dry area, or even piled around the dry area, which can not play the role of fertilization. The correct fertilization range is to dig a circular trench for the centerline at the edge of the crown projection.

The depth is 20-30 cm for adult fruit trees and 30-40 cm for young trees. If the application is too deep, the shallow roots can not absorb nutrients, which does not play much role in the formation of flower buds and the improvement of fruit quality, especially for the dwarf fruit trees with shallow root distribution. It leads to low output and poor quality. And deep fertilization takes a lot of work and effort.

18. Only pay attention to the amount of fertilizer, not the content of nutrients.

Now some compound fertilizers on the market are widely used in rural areas because of their low unit prices. It is common in these compound fertilizers that the content of effective components is low or the content of some elements in the three major elements is very low or not at all, but farmers do not pay enough attention to these conditions and continue the fertilization habit of high content compound fertilizer. as a result, the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is insufficient, resulting in the occurrence of crop fertilizer deficiency and element deficiency, affecting yield and quality.

Therefore, when using these compound fertilizers, we should fully understand the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in these compound fertilizers, and cooperate with the use of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, micro and organic nutrients according to the fertilizer requirements of various crops, so as to ensure the normal growth of crops and increase production and income.

19. Ignore the balance of elements in fertilization

The growth of fruit trees needs to absorb a variety of nutrient elements, in addition to a large number of elements, medium, trace elements, organic activation nutrition is also very important. At the same time, the proportion of various elements in the soil also affects the absorption of fruit trees. Because there are promotive or antagonistic effects among various elements. For example, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will inhibit the absorption of potassium, boron, copper, zinc and phosphorus. Too much phosphate fertilizer will inhibit the absorption of potassium and magnesium. However, in production practice, some fruit farmers do not pay attention to or do not understand the balance role of fertilizer, fertilization is often dominated by nitrogen and phosphorus, less application of other elements, resulting in the occurrence of element deficiency, low yield and declining quality.

The correct approach is to first understand the types of soil, the number of nutrient elements in the soil and the different nutrient requirements of fruit trees at different stages of development. Different fertilizers were applied in different periods. The amount of fertilizer is determined according to the yield. In order to avoid the occurrence of deficiency. To achieve the goal of high yield and high quality. The technique of soil testing and formula fertilization can be adopted.

20. As long as a lot of elemental fertilizer is used, it must be fragrant and sweet.

A large number of elements are the basic elements for the growth of crops, but some crops require more organic activation nutrients during the whole growth period or a long period of a certain life, while the soil lacks these nutrients. If it is not replenished in time, it will lead to unsweet melons, unfragrant fruits, a sharp decline in product yield and quality, and so on.

Natural organic degradation products, such as humic acids and marine extracts, contain sugars, amino acids, organic acids, phenols, alkaloids, vitamins, cellulose, hormones, enzymes and their derivatives, intermediates and aromatics. these substances can be dissolved in water and are directly absorbed by plants and are now called organic activation nutrients. They can be directly absorbed and transformed by plants to make the fruit sweet and delicious.

Studies at home and abroad show that the fruit is fragrant, sweet and delicious, and there are more than 240 kinds of volatile components in general fruit, mainly esters, aldehydes, alcohols, sulfur compounds, ketones and terpenes. In the fruit expansion period, we should pay special attention to the internal nutrition transformation of the fruit, timely supplement organic activation nutrition, make the fruit sweet and juicy, rich flavor, aroma, sweet and delicious.

21. Excessive use of certain nutrients

This will not only be toxic to crops, but also hinder the absorption of nutrients by crops and cause deficiency. For example, excessive nitrogen application will lead to calcium deficiency; excessive nitrate nitrogen will lead to molybdenum deficiency; too much potassium will reduce the effectiveness of calcium, magnesium and boron; and too much phosphorus will reduce the effectiveness of calcium, zinc and boron.