What is biological organic fertilizer? Why is it the mainstream of future agricultural development?

Bio-organic fertilizer refers to the combination of specific functional microorganisms and organic materials mainly derived from animal and plant residues (such as animal and poultry manure, crop straw, etc.). It is a kind of fertilizer with the effect of both microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizer.

Mainstream reasons for future development

I. the importance of popularizing bio-organic fertilizer

Fertilizer is the food of plants, and fertilization is an essential means to ensure the high and stable yield of crops in agricultural production. China is the largest country in the production and consumption of chemical fertilizer in the world, and the use of chemical fertilizer is very large. although it has increased the yield of crops in a certain time and to a certain extent, it has caused increasing harm to soil, water sources, agricultural products and the environment, such as soil acidification, consolidation, nutritional imbalance, groundwater pollution, excessive heavy metals and nitrate contents in agricultural products, etc., resulting in a variety of ecological environmental pollution and human diseases. Due to the heavy and random application of chemical fertilizer and not paying attention to the application of organic fertilizer, resulting in the lack of soil organic matter and the decline of soil fertility, it has become an important limiting factor affecting the sustainable development of agriculture and the stable and high yield of crops in our country.

According to the survey and statistics, at present, about 80% of the agricultural cultivated land in China is short of nitrogen, 50% of phosphorus and 30% of potassium, and some soil organic matter is less than 1%. All kinds of organic fertilizers usually contain more than 45% organic matter, more than 2.5% nitrogen, more than 2% phosphorus, and various trace elements, which is not only a good fertilizer source, but also an excellent soil improver.

Therefore, the promotion of bio-organic fertilizer is the inevitable way to realize the sustainable development of agriculture in the future.

2. the advantages and effects of bio-organic fertilizer.

1. Advantages of bio-organic fertilizer

Bio-organic fertilizer refers to the use of livestock and poultry manure, straw, agricultural and sideline products and food processing waste, organic waste and municipal sludge, after microbial fermentation, ripening and harmless treatment of fertilizer.

● bio-organic fertilizer has the following advantages:

1 compared with chemical fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer:

The main results are as follows: 1) there are all kinds of nutrient elements in bio-organic fertilizer and only one or several kinds of nutrient elements in chemical fertilizer.

2) Bio-organic fertilizer can improve soil; frequent use of chemical fertilizer will cause soil consolidation.

3) Bio-organic fertilizer can improve product quality, and excessive application of chemical fertilizer leads to poor product quality.

4) Bio-organic fertilizer can improve crop rhizosphere microflora and improve plant resistance to diseases and insect pests, while chemical fertilizer is a single crop microorganism and is prone to diseases and insect pests.

5) Bio-organic fertilizer can promote the utilization of chemical fertilizer and improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, and the use of chemical fertilizer alone is easy to cause nutrient fixation and loss.

two。 Compared with refined organic fertilizer:

Refined organic fertilizer is a commercial organic fertilizer sold by packaging after drying and crushing livestock and poultry manure.

The main results are as follows: 1) Bio-organic fertilizer is completely mature, does not burn roots, does not rot seedlings; refined organic fertilizer is not mature, directly used in the soil, will cause the phenomenon of burning seedlings.

2) after high temperature ripening, bio-organic fertilizer kills most of the pathogens and insect eggs, reducing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests; refined organic fertilizer will attract underground pests when it is not mature in the soil.

3) beneficial bacteria were added to bio-organic fertilizer to reduce the occurrence of diseases due to the space-occupying effect of microflora, while refined organic fertilizer did not contain beneficial bacteria due to high temperature drying.

4) the nutrient content of bio-organic fertilizer is high, and the nutrient loss of refined organic fertilizer is caused by high temperature treatment.

5) after deodorization, the odor of bio-organic fertilizer is light and almost odorless; the odor will appear when the refined organic fertilizer returns to moisture without deodorization.

3. The difference between bio-organic fertilizer and farm manure:

The main results are as follows: 1) the bio-organic fertilizer is completely mature, and the mortality rate of eggs is more than 95%; the stacking of farm manure is simple, and the mortality rate of eggs is low.

2) the bio-organic fertilizer is odorless, while the farm manure is smelly.

3) the application of bio-organic fertilizer is convenient and uniform, while the application of farm fertilizer is inconvenient and uneven.

4 the difference between bio-organic fertilizer and bio-bacterial fertilizer:

1) the price of bio-organic fertilizer is cheap, about 1000 yuan per ton, and the price of bio-bacterial fertilizer is as high as 10,000 yuan.

2) Bio-organic fertilizer contains functional bacteria and organic matter, which can improve the soil to promote the release of fixed nutrients; biological fertilizer only contains functional bacteria, through functional bacteria to promote the use of soil fixed fertilizer.

3) the organic matter of bio-organic fertilizer itself is the living environment of functional bacteria, which is easy to survive after being applied to soil, while the functional bacteria of bio-organic fertilizer may not be suitable for some soil environment.

two。 Effect of Bio-organic Fertilizer

(1) to increase crop yield and improve crop quality. The nutrients of bio-organic fertilizer are released slowly, and most of the nitrogen is supplied to plants in the form of ammonium ions or amino acids. After entering plant cells, they do not need to consume a lot of energy and directly participate in the synthesis of plant cell substances. Therefore, after the use of bio-organic fertilizer, plants grow fast, accumulate more necessary components and dry matter, and the quality of agricultural products is good.

(2) improve soil fertility and improve soil physical and chemical properties. The use of bio-organic fertilizer can not only supplement the consumed organic fertilizer, but also continuously increase the content of soil organic matter. After microbial decomposition, organic matter can be condensed into new humus and combine with other substances in soil to form organic-inorganic complex, which can promote the formation of microaggregate structure in soil, so as to coordinate the contradiction of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in soil. improve soil structure, make soil loose and improve tillage.

(3) regulate the microflora and improve the soil microecosystem. The mature organic fertilizer contains beneficial microorganisms such as yeast, lactic acid bacteria and cellulose decomposing bacteria, while the bio-organic fertilizer with functional bacteria also contains some beneficial bacteria such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, silicate bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and Pseudomonas. These microorganisms not only have the ability to produce a large number of active substances, but also have the ability to fix nitrogen, dissolve phosphorus and dissolve potassium, and some have the ability to inhibit plant root pathogens. Some have the ability to improve soil micro-ecological environment. In addition, the application of bio-organic fertilizer to the soil can regulate the floristic composition of microorganisms in the soil and change the structure of the microecosystem in the soil.

(4) activating insoluble compounds to improve the ability of soil to support. Bio-organic fertilizer contains nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, which can reduce nitrogen in the air to components that can be absorbed and utilized by crops through the action of nitrogenase, which is an important way for crops to provide nitrogen nutrition. In addition, a certain number of phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms and silicate bacteria are added to bio-organic fertilizer, which can decompose some primary and secondary minerals in soil through proliferation and synergism with other soil microorganisms. at the same time, the phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients fixed by these minerals are released, and the invalid phosphorus and potassium are converted into effective nutrients that can be absorbed and utilized by crops, which are directly absorbed and utilized by crops. Improve the fertilizer supply capacity of the soil.

(5) improve soil ecology and reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests. Bio-organic fertilizer contains a variety of specific bacteria, which can secrete a variety of antibiotics and plant growth hormone in the process of microbial growth and reproduction, which can not only inhibit the activity of plant pathogenic microorganisms, play a role in the prevention and control of plant diseases, but also stimulate crop growth, make its roots developed, promote the synthesis of chlorophyll, protein and nucleic acid, and improve crop stress resistance.

III. Production technology and technology of bio-organic fertilizer

The technical content of bio-organic fertilizer production is relatively high. In addition to adding biological agents to promote the maturity and decomposition of organic materials in the process of ripening, in order to achieve the purpose of directional ripening and deodorization, microorganisms with specific functions need to be added to the products to improve the effect of the products. At present, our country brings bio-organic fertilizer into the category of microbial fertilizer in terms of management, and implements more stringent management measures than organic fertilizer to promote the healthy development of organic fertilizer.

1. Production process

The bio-organic fertilizer production enterprises registered in the Ministry of Agriculture are basically engaged in the production of microbial fertilizers. in the fermentation process, trough stacking fermentation is mostly used, as well as other fermentation methods. such as: flat stacking fermentation method, fermentation tank fermentation method, sealed warehouse fermentation method has also been applied in production. In the process of fermentation, the regulation of material moisture, carbon-nitrogen ratio, temperature and the use of ripening agent are the key to the production process, especially the application of bacterial agent directly affects the fermentation cycle and ripening degree of materials. The mature material basically realizes the innocuity of the product, which is also beneficial to the survival of the functional bacteria added in the process of post-treatment.

two。 Production technology

In the post-treatment of fermentation materials, most enterprises add functional bacteria for compounding and setting, and the product dosage form is mainly dust, but some also use drum granulation or extrusion granulation. The granular product overcomes the shortcomings of poor appearance and low level of powder products, improves the commerciality of the products, but also increases the production cost of enterprises, and has a certain impact on the survival of effective bacteria.

3. Species and use of bacteria

Microbial strain is the core of bio-organic fertilizer products, in the production process, there are generally two links related to the use of microorganisms:

One is to add mature bacteria to promote material decomposition, ripening and deodorization, which are mostly composed of compound bacteria, such as photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, Penicillium, Trichoderma and so on.

Second, the functional bacteria added after the material is mature, generally with nitrogen bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, silicate bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, pseudomonas, actinomycetes and so on, play a specific fertilizer effect in the products. Therefore, for the production of bio-organic fertilizer, the screening and use of microbial bacteria is a core technology. Only by mastering this key technology can we speed up the decomposition and ripening of materials and ensure the application effect of the products.

4. Sales and application

As the production cost of bio-organic fertilizer is higher than that of ordinary organic fertilizer, it is mainly used in high value-added cash crops such as vegetables, fruits and Chinese herbal medicine, and good results have been achieved.

Bio-organic fertilizer plays an irreplaceable role in improving the quality of agricultural products, but there are still some difficulties in production and sale at present, because the high quality and high price of high-quality agricultural products have not been achieved completely. To a certain extent, it has affected the enthusiasm of growers, making the promotion of bio-organic fertilizer encountered greater difficulties.

In recent years, bio-organic fertilizer has been widely used in some ecological demonstration areas and green and organic agricultural products bases, which is the main direction of bio-organic fertilizer development in the future. With the expansion of the production scale of green organic agricultural products and the improvement of people's consumption level, the production and application of bio-organic fertilizer must be the mainstream.